Numerical Study on the Effect of Vortex Generators on the Aerodynamic Drag of a High-Speed Train

A relatively high aerodynamic drag is an important factor that hinders the further acceleration of high-speed trains. Using the shear stress transport (SST) k-omega turbulence model, the effect of various vortex generator types on the aerodynamic characteristics of an ICE2 (Inter-city Electricity) train has been investigated. The results indicate that the vortex generators with wider triangle, trapezoid, and micro-ramp arranged on the surface of the tail car can significantly change the distribution of surface pressure and affect the vorticity intensity in the wake. This alteration effectively reduces the resistance of the tail car. Meanwhile, the micro-ramp vortex generator with its convergent structure at the rear exhibits enhanced flow-guiding capabilities, resulting in a 15.4% reduction in the drag of the tail car.