End-to-End Waveform and Beamforming Optimization for RF Wireless Power Transfer
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT) is a key technology for
future low-power wireless systems. However, the inherently low end-to-end power
transfer efficiency (PTE) is challenging for practical applications. The main
factors contributing to it are the channel losses, transceivers' power
consumption, and losses related, e.g., to the digital-to-analog converter
(DAC), high-power amplifier, and rectenna. Optimizing PTE requires careful
consideration of these factors, motivating the current work. Herein, we
consider an analog multi-antenna power transmitter that aims to charge a single
energy harvester. We first provide a mathematical framework to calculate the
harvested power from multi-tone signal transmissions and the system power
consumption. Then, we formulate the joint waveform and analog beamforming
design problem to minimize power consumption and meet the charging
requirements. Finally, we propose an optimization approach relying on swarm
intelligence to solve the specified problem. Simulation results quantify the
power consumption reduction as the DAC, phase shifters resolution, and antenna
length are increased, while it is seen that increasing system frequency results
in higher power consumption.
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