Evaluation of self-sensing material behaviour: Insights from cyclic and pulse load testing

Recent advancements in materials engineering have addressed challenges in integrating sensory properties into metallic components, notably through Self-Sensing Materials (SSMs) embedding piezoelectric particles like Barium Titanate (BT) via Friction Stir Processing (FSP). This study explores self-monitoring metallic parts obtained by incorporating BT particles in AA5083-H111 plate via FSP, evaluating their behaviour under cyclic and pulse loads for real-time operational insights. The study explores how manufacturing processes affect SSMs’ electrical voltage response, focusing on FSP’s impact on different nugget regions, investigating polarization direction, electrode positioning, thickness effects, and performance under pulse loads. Findings indicated consistent electrical responses across specimens, with sensitivity affected by polarization direction and thickness. There was no evidence of electrical voltage response for constant loads. The pulse and cyclic loads triggered an electrical response, exhibiting a piezoelectric behaviour. The study highlights the intricate relationship between specimen features and piezoelectric properties, offering insights into optimizing SSM performance.