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A Novel Strategy for Differentiating Motor Imagination Brain-Computer Interface Tasks by Fusing EEG and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals

Biomedical Signal Processing and Control(2024)SCI 2区SCI 3区

State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment | Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll

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Abstract
The multimodal brain-computer interface (BCI) is an innovative paradigm for human-computer interaction that utilizes both electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals; therefore, it has received considerable interest. In this study, we concurrently collected EEG and fNIRS data from eighteen healthy participants while they engaged in the mental simulation of performing grasping movements with their left and right hands. During the feature screening session, we assessed the effectiveness of combining the Relief and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) algorithms. This algorithm was applied individually to analyze the common spatial pattern (CSP) characteristics of EEG signals across distinct frequency bands as well as the modified CSP (MCSP) attributes of fNIRS signals. Moreover, the enhancement of classification accuracy via feature-level fusion of the two signal types was investigated. The support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was used as the classifier for both training and validation. The results show a significant decrease in the feature count and a substantial enhancement in classification accuracy. Additionally, the highest classification accuracy (88.33 % +/- 5.80 % for EEG + HbO + HbR, P < 0.05) was achieved when utilizing multimodal features, which exceeds that when utilizing EEG alone (84.28 % +/- 7.56 %). Furthermore, the group of participants yielding an enhanced classification accuracy under the multi-modal characteristics constituted the highest percentage among all participants in the case of combined EEG and HbR (88.89 %). The proposed multi-modal information fusion strategy can serve as an effective reference for task recognition in BCI.
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Key words
Multimodal brain-computer interface,Motor imagery,Electroencephalography,Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,Feature-level fusion
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要点】:本研究提出了一种将脑电图(EEG)与功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)信号融合的新型策略,有效区分左右手抓握运动想象脑-计算机接口任务,提高了分类准确率。

方法】:通过并发收集18名健康参与者在进行左手和右手抓握运动想象时的EEG和fNIRS数据,使用Relief和最小冗余最大相关性(mRMR)算法进行特征筛选,并分别对EEG信号和fNIRS信号的特征进行分析。

实验】:实验中使用了SVM算法作为分类器,通过特征级融合EEG和fNIRS信号,结果显示特征数量显著减少,分类准确率显著提高,最高分类准确率达到88.33%(EEG + HbO + HbR,P < 0.05),超过了单独使用EEG信号的准确率(84.28%)。