Sinonasal mucosal melanoma in The Netherlands between 2001 and 2021: a clinical and epidemiological overview of 320 cases

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare malignancy, characterised by high (local) recurrence rates and poor survival. Comprehensive understanding of tumour etiology is currently lacking, which complicates adequate tumour treatment. Besides examining trends in incidence, this study aims to assess the association between clinical characteristics, treatment practices and patient outcomes, with the objective of establishing a baseline from which SNMM management can be enhanced. All newly diagnosed SNMM cases in The Netherlands between 2001 and 2021 were included using data from The Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). A total of 320 patients were included. The annual incidence rate for the overall population was stable over the inclusion period with an annual percentage change (APC) of only − 0.01