At present,China is faced with high prevalence of osteoporosis,low awareness rate,low treatment rate,diagnosis and treatment and follow-up management are still lack of normative problems.Osteoporosis can be secondary to multiple systemic diseases and is a multidisciplinary disease,which requires multidisciplinary medical workers to work closely together,give full play to their respective advantages,and develop a complete disease management program.In this paper,the author analyzes the status quo,difficulties and prevention and treatment measures of secondary osteoporosis(SOP),in order to provide effective inspiration for clinical workers in the standardized diagnosis and treatment of SOP.
Objective To investigate the feasibility,efficacy and safety of awake craniotomy with brain functional mapping for the interoperative resection of recurrent gliomas in eloquent areas.Methods A total of 36 patients who underwent awake craniotomy for recurrent gliomas at General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command from January 2020 to December 2023 were enrolled,with 38 newly diagnosed glioma patients treated via awake craniotomy as control.Cortical and/or subcortical functional areas were mapped using direct electrical stimulation(DES)during the awake phase,and maximal tumor resection was achieved while preserving neurological function.Results Among 36 recurrent glioma patients,27 cases(75%)exhibited positive responses to intraoperative cortical or subcortical DES.Postoperative MRI within 48 h revealed the lesion total resection in 26 cases(72.22%),subtotal resection in 6 cases(16.67%),and partial resection in 4 cases(11.11%).Early postoperative(7-10 d)neurological dysfunction(new or worsened)occurred in 25 cases(69.44%),including mild 14 cases(38.89%),moderate 2 cases(5.56%),and severe 9 cases(25%).Late postoperative(3 months)neurological dysfunction was observed in 6 cases(16.67%),with mild,moderate and severe each accounting for 2 cases(5.56%).Compared to newly diagnosed gliomas,recurrent gliomas treated with awake craniotomy had a lower rate of achieving functional boundary-based maximal resection(χ2=9.187,P=0.002).However,no significant differences were found in intraoperative cortical or subcortical DES rates(χ2=1.690,P=0.194),total/subtotal tumor resection rates(Fisher's exact probability:P=1.000),early postoperative neurological dysfunction(χ2=0.009,P=0.924),late postoperative neurological dysfunction(χ2=0.599,P=0.439),or postoperative seizure control(Fisher's exact probability:P=1.000).Conclusions Awake craniotomy for recurrent gliomas in eloquent brain areas is feasible,effective and safe.It enhances the tumor resection extent and prolongs survival,serving as a critical approach for managing recurrent gliomas in eloquent areas.
Secondary osteoporosis(OP)is mostly related to endocrine and metabolic diseases.The growth and development of bone is inseparable from the regulation of the endocrine system.Endocrine and metabolic diseases such as hyperthyroidism,hypogonadism,and hyperprolactinemia can break the balance between bone resorption and bone formation,and increase the risk of osteoporosis and fracture.In order to effectively manage secondary OP caused by endocrine and metabolic diseases,it is particularly important to explore its mechanism,diagnostic methods and treatment options.This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics of secondary osteoporosis in different groups of endocrine and metabolic diseases,the pathogenesis of hormone imbalance and cell signaling pathway abnormalities,the characteristics of bone damage such as bone metabolism indicators and bone mineral density,and the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of secondary osteoporosis,so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of secondary osteoporosis in patients with endocrine and metabolic diseases.
