Adithya Institute of Technology (AIT), located at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, is a private self-financing engineering Institute, adithya Institute of Technology is an engineering college in Coimbatore. The college is approved by AICTE and is affiliated to the Anna University Coimbatore. The college was established in 2008.
In order to coordinate EVs along with renewable energy, it is necessary to have accurate forecasting, adaptive control, and a secure energy exchange. The hybrid framework that integrates Transformer forecasting with multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) suggested in this paper appears to highly suitable for the intended application. In fact, the Transformer encoder is the one responsible for the accurate predictions of EV load and renewable generation, while MARL policies give the required decentralization and dynamic coordination. Blockchain acts as a safety net for the transactions and a sign of trustworthiness for the prosumers, with IoT-level compression playing the role of latency eliminator in densely packed EV networks. Testing results show that predictive reliability is 96.9%, balancing is 32.7%, efficiency is 26.4%, and latency is 24 ms. Based on the comparison with ML baselines, the framework is 6.8% more accurate, 7.5% more balancing is achieved, 5.9% of the cost optimization is improved, and therefore, the EV–renewable integration is not only scalable but also resilient.
The magnesium AZ61 series is used as the matrix phase of the proposed composite fabrication, with the additions of 3 wt.
Recently, the environmental impact of oil spills has intensified the quest for efficient and sustainable methods for oil/water separation. To address this pressing environmental challenge, superwettable surfaces are being studied intensively. Superwettability is a property where the substrate surface exhibits extreme wetting properties, i.e., superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic, achieved by modifying the surface with micro/nano-hierarchical roughness and surface chemistry. Superhydrophobic surfaces, characterized by their extraordinary water-repellent properties, and superhydrophilic surfaces, with excellent oil-repellent behavior, can revolutionize the oil/water separation techniques. This inherent water-repellent or oil-repellent nature makes superwettable surfaces particularly adept at selectively repelling water while attracting and capturing oil-based substances or vice versa. This paper offers an in-depth evaluation of the current landscape of superwettable materials for oil/water separation. Despite the reported data displaying promising results, further intensive research is required to overcome the ethical, environmental, and durability constraints of nanotechnology intervention.
We successfully synthesized and crystallized (E)-Nʹ-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-4-nitrobenzohydrazide (NBHDMAB), a Schiff base compound. Elemental analysis confirmed its formation, and recrystallization further purified the compound. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the compound crystallizes in a monoclinic system with the space group P21/C. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis confirmed the crystallinity of the compound. In our investigation of the optical properties of the molecule NBHDMAB, we used UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The results showed excellent agreement between the experimental and theoretical spectra. The molecule exhibits high transmittance in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions, with a lower cut-off wavelength at 400 nm. The optical band gap, determined experimentally and confirmed by theoretical calculations, suggests that NBHDMAB possesses semiconducting behavior. Further computational studies were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the molecule's structural and optical characteristics. The theoretically calculated UV and FT-IR spectra were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Additionally, we performed analyses of the Hirshfeld surfaces, computed the hyperpolarizability, and determined the density of states.
This study is a comprehensive, systematic review of the latest innovations in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that broadly outlines the interrelated areas of technology applications, operational properties, and environmental changes as measured by life cycle assessment (LCA). Advances in membrane materials, cell designs, and system-integration techniques that significantly improve proton conductivity, thermal stability, and cost-effectiveness, are brought together by the research. From the various studies the comparison shows that hydrocarbon-based and nanocomposite membranes can attain conductivities of more than 0.1 S/cm with their thermal stabilities (120-180 degrees C) being quite excellent, whereas bio-based alternatives may achieve up to a 50 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions over the entire life cycle. The results show that fuel cells based on proton exchange membranes are therefore very close to being employed in the areas of transportation, power generation for buildings, and small-scale energy devices, hence like a combination with a green hydrogen production method would be the best. According to this survey, a synergy between the technical performance and environmental friendliness is the hallmark of this review, thus making it possible to outline the strategic directions for future developments of PEMFC technologies with eco-efficient characteristics.
