Alfred University is a private university in Alfred, New York. It has a student population of approximately 2,000 undergraduates and 300 graduate students. The institution has five schools and colleges, including the New York State College of Ceramics, which includes The Inamori School of Engineering and the School of Art and Design.
PurposeThis study examines how ethical leadership (EL) influences employee engagement (EE), organizational commitment (OC), and turnover intention (TI), and investigates the mediating roles of human resource management (HRM) practices and job satisfaction (JS) among female employees in the hospitality sector.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 702 female employees working in hospitality organizations in T & uuml;rkiye. Structural equation modeling was used to test direct and parallel mediation relationships among the variables.FindingsThe results show that EL strongly enhances employee engagement, primarily through job satisfaction and perceived HR practices. In contrast, its effects on organizational commitment and turnover intention are limited, and the mediating roles of HRM and JS are not supported for these outcomes. These findings suggest that ethical leadership is more effective in strengthening short-term psychological engagement than in shaping long-term structural attitudes in contexts characterized by sectoral constraints.Originality/valueBy integrating Social Exchange Theory and Ethical Climate Theory, this study demonstrates that ethical leadership operates both as a relational mechanism and as a system-level process. It highlights boundary conditions under which ethical leadership translates into sustainable organizational outcomes, particularly in structurally constrained service settings.
Chemical short-range order (CSRO) is prevalent across many metals and alloys and has recently gained particular attention in concentrated alloys. The advent of complex concentrated alloys has spurred renewed interest in understanding and controlling CSRO. Here, we review recent experimental and theoretical progress on CSRO, highlighting both advancements and ongoing controversies, particularly regarding its impact on the physical properties of concentrated alloys. For example, a highly debated issue is the effect of CSRO on mechanical strength, which remains unresolved due to limited experimental measurements confined to a narrow annealing-temperature range, even for widely studied alloys like CoCrNi Evaluation of the CSRO effects on various physical properties is critical to answer a central question: Can CSRO be transformed into a practical alloy-engineering tool? We also identify critical gaps in the experimental and theoretical frameworks to achieve this goal. Despite the extensive study of CSRO, there remains a need for methodologies that enable its practical application in alloy design. We explore potential solutions, emphasizing the promising roles of machine-learning potentials and additive manufacturing in creating novel avenues for CSRO control.
This study investigates the structural role of indium in aluminoborosilicate glasses designed for advanced transparent optical glass-ceramics. Using a comprehensive multi-spectroscopic approach, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as infrared and Raman spectroscopy, combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), we examine the impact of indium oxide on the glass structure and its crystallization behavior, with comparisons to an analogous gallium-containing series. The results reveal the ambivalent structural role of indium in these complex glasses. Glasses with 2 mol% In2O3 enable controlled crystallization, while those with >= 3 mol% exhibit phase separation and spontaneous devitrification, reflecting on the solubility limit of In2O3. In stark contrast, the gallium series shows no such behavior. High-resolution XPS analysis of In 3d binding energies confirms that indium in the glass network has a coordination number lower than six and exhibits high covalent character, supporting findings from vibrational and NMR spectroscopy, which show that the addition of both indium and gallium reduces boron tetrahedral units. TEM mapping reveals preferential depletion of indium and aluminum from silicon-rich regions, consistent with nanoscale phase separation. Glass transition and packing density measurements further support the complex structural role and bonding characteristics of indium in these glasses. We propose that a high aluminum content (>10 mol%) stabilizes partially 4-coordinated indium and promotes local agglomeration of indium oxide, reducing the activation energy required for the crystallization even at indium oxide concentrations as low as 2 mol%.
The efficiency of glass-ceramic sealants plays a crucial role in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells performance and durability. In this context, a new self-healing barium-free glass-ceramic with the composition (mol.%) 56.9SiO2-5.1CaO-9.0Al2O3-9.2B2O3-12.6SrO-2.7K2O-2.5Na2O-2.0ZrO2 (SCABS) has been developed. We report thermal properties, electrical resistivity, thermal ageing and crystallization related to the glass-ceramic structure, which was characterised by NMR. XRD analyses indicate that crystallization occurs with the formation of phases such as anorthoclase, feldspar and alpha-quartz. The SCABS glass-ceramic exhibits thermal and chemical stability under SOFC operating conditions for 960 h and, to prevent damages that occur during thermal cycling, an autonomous self-repair capability at 800 degrees C.
This study revisits structural connectivities and bonding preferences in alkali borosilicate and aluminoborosilicate glasses based on 25 years of research of the corresponding author, using a combination of infrared, Raman and, with various collaborators, also solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Three representative systems, low-alkali NBS2, high-alkali MBS1 with M=Li to Cs, and high-Al 2 O 3 NABS, were examined to assess the validity and extrapolation of the Dell–Bray–Yun–Xiao (DBYX) model. While the model accurately predicts the fraction of tetrahedral boron, [BO 4 ] – , across compositions, spectroscopic evidence reveals different connectivities for low R and high R values. NBS2 shows a shift from Si–O–B 4 to B–O–B linkages upon annealing, whereas MBS1 displays, as predicted, enhanced mixed bonds, including mixed-ring structures. The ring types, as well as packing density, depends on the modifier cation and its radius. In NABS, Al 2 O 3 wins the competition for Na 2 O for charge compensation, reducing [BO 4 ] – formation. High aluminium content (Al 2 O 3 >10 mol%) leads to fewer mixed Si–O–B 4 bonds. Fewer mixed bonds are also observed for borosilicate glasses with low alkali content, where often 1–2 mol% aluminium oxide are added to prevent phase separation. This review discusses how glass composition, modifier field strength, charge-compensation competition, geometric factors, and thermal history all influence network connectivity and structure–property relation-
