Army Medical College (Urdu: فوجي طبی کالج / كلية الطب العسكري, also known as AM College) is a military institute which was established in 1977 as a residential institution for imparting undergraduate medical education to selected cadets. The college also allows the civilian admission of students who do not want to join Pakistan Army. Degree awarded by AMC is accredited by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC).The college was initially affiliated with Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) for MBBS degree. From 1998 to 2015, the college was affiliated with National University of Sciences and Technology (Pakistan) (NUST). The college is now a constituent campus of National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS). The induction of students in Army Medical College is done by two methods, one is through Medical Cadet Course and the other is through NUMS entrance test. NUMS seats are for civilians while only medical cadets can join Pakistan Army. Foreign students can apply on the basis of SAT Subject Tests results in lie of the NUMS test like other medical colleges in Pakistan..
The objective of this audit is to evaluate adherence to AAO-HNS guidelines in management of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) by ENT doctors in a tertiary care hospital. Moreover, this audit aims to implement an educational intervention to address identified gap, if any and reassess adherence post-intervention to evaluate improvement. A pre- and post-intervention audit was conducted over a span of one and a half months at a tertiary care facility to assess the management of ARHL by ENT specialists. Phase 1 involved 51 participants, followed by Phase 2 with 53 participants after the implementation of an educational intervention, which focused on the AAO-HNS Clinical Practice Guidelines for ARHL 2024. The study included patients aged ≥ 50 years presenting with ENT-related presenting complaints, excluding individuals with mental health disorders or those currently undergoing auditory rehabilitation. Data collection was done through REDCap server database, which included patient demographics, presenting complaints, and physicians’ adherence to a checklist of Key Action Statements (KAS) 1–11 outlined in AAO-HNS guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v26. The percentage distributions and frequency counts indicated that pre-intervention practices of physicians didn’t consistently adhere to the guidelines established in the audit standards. Significant improvement in the overall adherence to the clinical practice guidelines after the intervention was found (p value < 0.001). Moreover, the physicians’ clinical adherence in relation to patients’ presenting complaints displayed variability in both the pre- and post-intervention assessments. Patients aged ≥ 50 years should be routinely screened for ARHL and enrolled in structured care pathways for early detection and management. Adherence to standardized clinical practice guidelines ensures patient safety, optimizes hearing outcomes, and reduces the burden of untreated hearing loss. Future audits should assess the long-term sustainability of guideline adherence and the impact of educational interventions on clinical practice.
Background: Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid problem in Bangladesh and worldwide. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine (LT4) dose requirements vary among patients and may be influenced by thyroid autoantibody status and metabolic comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to achieve euthyroidism. Objective: To assess the relationship between thyroid autoantibody status and levothyroxine dose requirements in hypothyroid patients with or without T2DM. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, BIRDEM General Hospital, from July 2024 to June 2025 on 100 patients with hypothyroidism recruited from outpatient department of endocrinology, BIRDEM, Dhaka, and divided into two groups: Group 1 (Hypothyroid patients with T2DM, n=50) and Group 2 (Hypothyroid patients without T2DM, n=50). Data on demographic, physical, biochemical variables and dose of levothyroxine were collected. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody, thyroglobulin (Tg) antibody, TSH and HbA1c were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 29.0. Results: Among 100 patients with hypothyroidism, mean age was 49.66±11.19 years in Group 1 and 45.84±14.4 years in Group 2. TPO antibody positivity was significantly lower in hypothyroid patients with T2DM (36%) compared to those without T2DM (66%) (p=0.003).The mean levothyroxine dose was substantially higher among anti-TPO positive patients than anti-TPO negative patients (67.6±28.0 μg vs. 40.6±17.8 μg, p<0.001), with a similar pattern observed for anti-Tg positivity (74.1±32.3 μg vs. 46.7±20.3 μg, p<0.001). Conclusion: Thyroid autoantibody positivity is strongly associated with higher levothyroxine dose requirements in hypothyroid patients, irrespective of diabetes status. Recognition of thyroid autoimmunity is essential for individualized dose optimization. J Rang Med Col.2026 Mar;11(1):177-182
OBJECTIVE:To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in breast carcinoma cases. Methods:The case-control study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, between February and December 2024, and comprised females aged 20-75 years newly diagnosed with breast carcinoma in group A and age-matched healthy controls in group B. Sociodemographic data and clinical history were obtained, and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were tested using electrochemiluminescense immunoassay. Deficiency in vitamin D was considered serum level <25nmol/L. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. RESULTS:Of the 142 female subjects, 71(50%) were in group A with mean age 46.9±16.3 years, and 71(50%) were in group B with mean age 42.4±15.9 years (p=0.797). Vitamin D levels were also lower in group A patients compared to those in group B (p<0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 33(46.5%) cases compared to 5(7%) controls, with supplement use being less among the cases 11(15.5%) compared to the controls 28(39.4% (p=0.001). There was a high level of correlation between vitamin D deficiency and positive family history of breast carcinoma (p<0.001). Conclusion:Deficiency of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D contributed to the higher risk of breast carcinoma, while vitamin D supplements had preventive benefits.
