Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College

In recent days, photocatalytic wastewater in treatment has gained popularity in number of ways. Several organic contaminants in water can be smashed down by photocatalysis, which uses free sun light energy. Because photocatalytic technologies may provide high efficiencies and are reasonably priced, they have garnered interest due to their potential environmental benefits. In this work, we focused on the way β-CD may impact the photocatalytic performance of blended semiconductor nanocomposites (ZnO/TiO2), (ZnO/CeO2), (TiO2/CeO2), and (ZnO/CuO) and NR dye photocatalytic degradation by solar light irradiation is used to compare the photocatalytic degradation ability of all modified photocatalysts with that of bare semiconductors. A 4:1 weight ratio was employed when combining bare semiconductors to produce the blended composite. The Structural, optical and complexation pattern of β-CD with dye were investigated by XRD, FESEM, UV-DRS, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectral analysis. Investigations were carried out on factors such initial pollutant concentration, catalyst dosage, pH and irradiation duration. By measuring COD, the mineralization of NR dye was confirmed. In comparison to among all the photocatalysts, the modified nanocomposites (ZnO/TiO2)-β-CD, (ZnO/CeO2)-β-CD, (TiO2/CeO2)-β-CD and (ZnO/CuO)-β-CD were more effective in degrading of NR dye. These findings demonstrated the involvement of β-CD in the photocatalytic degradation of NR dye (ZnO/TiO2), (ZnO/CeO2), (TiO2/CeO2) and (ZnO/CuO), performing 2.2 times better than (ZnO/TiO2), (ZnO/CeO2), (TiO2/CeO2), (ZnO/CuO), and 4.9 times better than ZnO, TiO2, CeO2and CuO.

The core objective of the current context is the designing and synthesizing of novel thiazole derivatives of Schiff base metal complexes [Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)] has been synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. DNA binding with CT DNA and antimicrobial screening emphasize the higher activity exhibited by these complexes which has a highly conjugative planar ligand, 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole in its natural environment that binds through groove mode of binding. The synthesized complexes showed significant antibacterial activity against a few gram + ve and gram − ve organisms when compared with the standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin. All the complexes showed good free radical scavenging activity which is comparable to that of Vitamin C and BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) used as Standard. The results were indicated that Cu(II) complex could be responsible for the potential contender eliciting antioxidant activity. It can be attributed to the combined effect of the substituents and thiazole structural core present in the ligands. The Cu(II) complex was the most effective, displaying the lowest IC50 values against Caco-2 cancer cell lines, though it was still less potent than the reference drug, Doxorubicin. Computational studies using Gaussian 09 W software provided insights into the optimized molecular structures and biological accessibility of these compounds. Additionally, drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties were screened using the SWISS ADME online platform, evaluating the compounds for their potential as drug candidates. The results showed Cu(II) and Co(II) compounds had absolute specificity for these organisms, which implied a good application prospect in pharmaceutical probes.

Exopolysaccharide-mediated silver nanoparticles (EPS-Ag2ONPs) were successfully biosynthesized using purified EPS from the marine sediment Bacillus cereus GV7. Among fourteen screened isolates, GV7 demonstrated the highest EPS production (83.7 ± 0.02 µg/mL) and was selected for Nanoparticle (NP) synthesis. EPS-Ag2ONPs were successfully synthesized under alkaline conditions, indicated by a characteristic colour change and subsequently UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis revealed a characteristic SPR peak at 424 nm. Further characterization using FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD and AFM analysis confirmed the successful formation of spherical, well-dispersed, crystalline cubic Ag₂ONPs. SEM analysis revealed particle sizes ranging from 20 to 70 nm, whereas AFM analysis showed an average particle height of 5.09 nm. In this synthesis, EPS served as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. To our knowledge, no previous study has reported the biogenic synthesis of Ag2ONP using marine sediment-associated B. cereus GV7. Furthermore, the biosynthesized EPS-Ag2ONPs exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic microbes, with MIC values varied between 31.25 and 500 µg/mL. Significant antibiofilm activity was observed, with a maximum inhibition up to 84.54

The rhotrix, introduced as a rhomboidal extension of traditional matrix theory, offers a unique algebraic framework for the organization and manipulation of numerical arrays. The incorporation of refined neutrosophic concepts into rhotrix theory has enabled the modeling of uncertainty, indeterminacy, and inconsistency within algebraic frameworks. Motivated by these developments, this paper investigates the structure of invertible refined neutrosophic rhotrices, thereby extending the classical theory of rhotrices into the domain of refined neutrosophic. This study is carried out using heart-based multiplication, which acts as the fundamental operation governing interactions among rhotrix elements. This setting facilitates a rigorous analysis of rhotrix algebra, specifically identifying the conditions required for invertibility and exploring the structural response of refined neutrosophic elements to basic operations defined for rhotrices. In addition to the invertibility analysis, this study analyzes the index structures of rhotrices of small orders, establishes the general characterization of the rhotrix index set, and reveals an inherent symmetry of the rhotrix structure under the interchange of indices. It also proposes a rhotrix-based representation of binary relations, illustrating the broader applicability of refined neutrosophic rhotrices in modeling relational and algebraic structures. To demonstrate the practical relevance of the developed framework, a refined neutrosophic decision-making model is applied to the evaluation of selected women empowerment schemes. By incorporating real-valued performance measures together with indeterminacy components reflecting expert uncertainty, the proposed model provides a systematic mechanism for multi-criteria assessment and ranking of policy interventions. The results contribute to the advancement of rhotrix algebra in indeterminate environments and highlight its potential applications in mathematical modeling and decision-making.

The creation of 2D-based nanoparticles on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) optimizes electrocatalytic activity by virtue of their size, elevated active surface area, and defective sites. Ornidazole (ODZ) is a therapeutic molecule that is detected at the micromolar level using metal tellurate loaded on boron nitride on GCE. The physicochemical properties of synthetic materials were characterized using a variety of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. As a result of these studies, metal tellurate loaded on boron nitride on GCE was made solely and with the greatest response. Additionally, modified GCE shows higher reduction behavior at ambient temperature with an optimal working buffer pH of 7.0. A novel metal tellurate loaded on a boron nitride-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for ultrasensitive micromolar detection of ornidazole. The sensor achieves a record-LOD of 0.002 μM, wide linearity (0.04-156.18 μM), and exceptional selectivity and stability in real samples. This platform significantly outperforms existing boron nitride- and metal tellurate-based sensors for ornidazole analysis. Unlike previously reported sensors employing single-metal tellurates or carbon materials, the present work introduces a 2D sheet-derived metal tellurate, offering enhanced electroactive sites.