Madurai Kamaraj University (MKU) is a public state university located at Madurai city in southern Tamil Nadu, India, established in 1966. MKU is one of the 15 universities in India with 'University with Potential for Excellence' status which is awarded by the University Grants Commission (UGC) in India. In 2021, the university has been awarded 'A++' grade from National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in 4th cycle.
Aminothiols such as cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy) are crucial biomolecules involved in numerous physiological processes. Cys has garnered particular interest due to its role in health and disease, with increased blood levels (>300 & micro;M) linked to serious medical conditions. We prepared a novel fluorescent probe (BHQT) featuring a benzyl spacer connecting between quinoline and hydrazine units that served as a fluorophore and metal-chelating part. The fluorescence of BHQT was effectively quenched with Cu2+, forming a 1 : 2 ratio of complex, BHQT : Cu was confirmed by a Job's plot. Upon addition of Cys, the BHQT-Cu complex recovered fluorescence of BHQT by displacing Cu2+. The released Cu2+ subsequently formed a Cu-Cys complex. This sensing system showed a limit of detection of similar to 419 & micro;M, which is suitable for detecting increased Cys levels prior to pathological onset. This reversible sensing behaviour of BHQT allowed for specific recognition of Cu2+ and Cys, and demonstrates its potential as a sensitive tool for extracellular Cys monitoring and clinically relevant analyses. Overall, the BHQT probe offers a promising approach for selective Cys detection through Cu2+ coordination chemistry, combining sensitivity with practical applicability in biological and clinical contexts.
Derivation of seawater quality criteria (SWQC) is based on ecotoxicological testing is commonly accepted practice because it is one of the important regulatory tools to set the seawater quality regulations for the protection of aquatic life. SWQC for metals in the coastal and coral reef ecosystems of Gulf of Mannar, India have not been derived and notified. To fill the gap, the present study was undertaken and derived the SWQC for copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) based on LC50/EC50, no observed effect concentration and lowest observed effect concentration, and chronic values calculated through ecotoxicological testing with marine food chain organisms. The calculated chronic values showed that mercury was highly toxic and zinc was least toxic to all the tested marine organisms. It is concluded that clam Donax faba, oyster Magallana bilineata, finfish Chanos chanos, and finfish Terapon jarbua showed similar order of toxicity (Hg > Cu > Cd > Zn) while it was Hg > Cd > Cu > Zn for post larvae of shrimp Penaeus monodon. The range of chronic values for Cu were varied from 5.0 (clam Donax faba) to 270.0 μg L−1 (Chanos chanos); Cd were ranged from 8.0 (shrimp P. monodon PL) to 590.0 μg L−1 (Terapon jarbua), Hg were found to be 0.11 (oyster Magallana bilineata) to 2.35 μg L−1 (clam Donax faba), and Zn were between 130.0 (shrimp Penaeus monodon) to 1200.0 μg L−1 (fish Terapon jarbua). Further, the criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC) were derived based on LC50/EC50 values and final chronic values (FCV), respectively. The CMC values derived for Gulf of Mannar are 39.4 μg L−1 for Cu, 11.4 μg L−1 for Cd, 0.072 μg L−1 for Hg and 340 μg L−1 for Zn and the CCC values are 4.319, 0.909, 0.0044, and 37.226 μg L−1 for respective metal. It is suggested that the above values are recommended as SWQC for the protection of 95
Abstract Concentrated seaweed extract (CSE), prepared from Gracilaria salicornia (red) and Sargassum swartzii (brown), was characterized for its macro- and micronutrients and amino acids, evaluated for plant growth-regulating properties and tested as a biostimulant. Its effects on vegetative growth, grain and straw yield were assessed in rice varieties Satabdi (IET4786) and CO-51 (IET21605) in farmers’ fields in West Bengal (Lower Gangetic Plains) and Tamil Nadu (Eastern Coastal Plains and Hills), India. The control received the recommended NPK at 100% (150:60:60 kg ha⁻¹) applied as basal applications in three splits. In T1, basal nitrogen was reduced to 50% and a nitrogen-enriched nano formulation (NEN) was applied as a foliar spray at 2 mL L⁻¹ three times. In T2, the T1 regimen was supplemented with CSE at 2 mL L⁻¹ applied as a foliar spray three times. For Satabdi, grain yields were 4,391 kg ha⁻¹ (T2) and 4,208 kg ha⁻¹ (T1), representing 15.98% and 11.15% increases (p = 0.012 by ANOVA with Tukey HSD) over the control (3,786 kg ha⁻¹); CO-51 showed comparable improvements in grain yield (T1: 10.58%, T2: 18.27%). The combined application of NEN and CSE increased grain yield relative to the control under the tested conditions, although the incremental benefit of adding CSE over NEN alone was modest, and its independent effect could not be isolated. Noted reductions in nitrogen input costs are specific to these study conditions and may vary regionally.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney failure worldwide. Genetic factors contribute to inter-individual and population-specific susceptibility to DKD. Data from South Indian populations are limited, highlighting the need for region-specific genetic association studies in DKD. This case–control study included 125 South Indian individuals: 60 patients with diabetes and proteinuria (DKD), 34 patients with diabetes without kidney disease, and 31 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated and nine variants were genotyped using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Variant frequencies were compared among groups. In-silico pathogenicity prediction tools and Odds ratio (OR) with 95
Graphs serve as a bridge between algebra and numerous mathematical fields, including combinatorics, number theory, and computer science. Let Z(R) represent the set of zero-divisors in a commutative ring R. The zero-divisor graph of R, denoted by Gamma(R), is an undirected graph with vertex set Z(R)& lowast; = Z(R) \ {0}, where two vertices are adjacent if their product is zero. The Steiner tree and Steiner radial number are fundamental concepts in network optimization, offering cost-efficient strategies for connecting multiple points with minimal total distance. In this study, we compute the m-eccentricity of all vertices and determine the Steiner radial number of the zero-divisor graph of & Zopf;n. Additionally, for some positive integer m >= 2, we establish the existence of non-isomorphic zero-divisor graphs with Steiner radial number m. This work not only enhances the understanding of zero-divisor graphs but also provides a foundation for future studies in algebraic graph theory and network optimization.
