Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction

Amorphous Fe–Si–C ribbons represent an underexplored class of soft magnetic materials with potential advantages for high-frequency alternating-field applications, including high electrical resistivity, low coercivity, and simplified alloy chemistry. In this study, the structural, thermal, and magnetic properties of Fe₉₂Si₆C₂ and Fe₉₃Si₆C₁ melt-spun amorphous ribbons were systematically investigated as a first-stage assessment of their AC compatibility. XRD, SEM/EDS, and DSC/TGA analyses confirmed that both compositions exhibit fully amorphous structures with good thermal stability, while Fe₉₂Si₆C₂ demonstrated superior structural uniformity and smoother surface morphology. DC magnetic measurements performed using VSM revealed clear soft-magnetic behavior for both alloys. In particular, Fe₉₂Si₆C₂ exhibited very low coercivity (0.6–0.8 Oe), moderate saturation induction (1.35–1.40 T), high initial permeability (15,000–20,000), and increased electrical resistivity. Combined with the thin ribbon geometry (20–30 μm), these properties are expected to strongly suppress eddy-current formation under alternating magnetic fields. To evaluate practical feasibility, prototype Fe₉₂Si₆C₂ amorphous cores were fabricated and implemented in an industrial electromagnetic contactor, where stable magnetic performance was observed. Although the present study is based on DC magnetic characterization, the obtained structural and magnetic indicators provide a physically grounded basis for predicting favorable AC behavior. The results identify Fe₉₂Si₆C₂ as a promising candidate for high-frequency soft-magnetic components and highlight the broader potential of Fe–Si–C amorphous alloys as alternatives to conventional Fe–Si electrical steels. Future work will focus on frequency-dependent permeability, dynamic hysteresis, and comprehensive AC loss measurements.

In this study, a multi-step numerical method was suggested for solving the integral constitutive equation for hereditary creep, accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of instantaneous and time-dependent concrete deformations. Numerical verification demonstrates that the method exhibits high computational stability and accuracy, even for relatively large values of time increments in the solution of relaxation problem. By incorporating hereditary creep effects, the long-term loading response of reinforced concrete support structures is practically transferred into a series of incremental short-term static analyses performed at discrete time points. The structural model considers a cantilever circular reinforced concrete member subjected to axial compressive and transverse lateral loads applied at its free end. The proposed computational model enables the determination of the time evolution of the load-carrying capacity and stress-strain state from the initial loading stage to any specific load value. Parametric numerical calculations revealed that low transverse loadings alone caused a considerable loss in the load-carrying capacity. Moreover, through the formulation of a new creep coefficient function from a solution to the relaxation problem, the time-dependent stress-strain behavior and capacity loss were accurately captured using a series of equivalent short-term static analyses. The numerical investigations determined that this creep coefficient function had extremely low sensitivity to load amplitudes, which was predominantly a function of the loading duration. It was quantitatively verified that genetic creep can reduce the load capacity of structural members by a maximum of 30%.

This article provides a comparative analysis of the grammatical and semantic features of the causative voice in English and Azerbaijani. The primary aim is to clarify the morphological structure, semantic functions, and areas of usage of the causative in both languages. In English, causativity is expressed mainly through analytic constructions using verbs such as make, have, let, and get. In contrast, Azerbaijani forms the causative voice morphologically by attaching suffixes such as-d & imath;r/-dir/-dur/-d & uuml;r and-t/-d to the verb stem. The article also discusses the role of the causative voice within syntactic structures, its frequency of use in both spoken and written language, as well as the challenges encountered in teaching this grammatical category. The findings indicate that, in both languages, the causative voice plays a crucial role in expressing causation; however, there are significant differences between English and Azerbaijani in terms of the methods of expression and areas of application.

This study investigates the defect evolution, structural relaxation, and crystallization behavior of Fe92Si6C2 amorphous alloys subjected to controlled thermal annealing between 373 and 973 K. A multi-technique approach—Doppler broadening spectroscopy (DBS), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy—was employed to analyze the temperature-dependent transformations in free volume, vacancy clusters, and carbon bonding structure. DBS measurements revealed a systematic reduction in free-volume-type defects up to 573 K, followed by nanocrystalline α-Fe(Si) nucleation at higher temperatures. PALS analysis showed a decrease in τ1 and τ2 lifetimes and a significant increase in I2, confirming the growth of vacancy clusters and defect migration toward grain boundaries during crystallization. XRD confirmed the transition from an amorphous halo to well-defined crystalline peaks, accompanied by a substantial reduction in microstrain from 604 × 10−4 to 17 × 10−4 with annealing. Raman spectroscopy indicated enhanced graphitization and the emergence of a D2 band above 773 K, evidencing structural reorganization of carbon. Overall, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of defect dynamics and structural evolution in Fe92Si6C2 amorphous alloys, highlighting the effectiveness of thermal treatment in improving their structural integrity and potential for advanced magnetic and technological applications.

With the beginning of the economic reconstruction of Azerbaijan's Karabakh region in 2020, there is a possibility for the development of a new tool for the revitalization of the region-renewable energy. This study focuses on the economic aspects of the development of renewable energy in Karabakh, with special emphasis on their contribution to regional revitalization, energy security, and economic diversification. The Karabakh region has tremendous potential for solar, wind, and hydro energy use, and therefore it is possible to integrate the system of renewable energy into newly constructed infrastructure in a cost-efficient and technically advanced way. The development of renewable energy sources would also add to capital investments, create jobs, and build up associated sectors such as construction, services, and grids. Finally, the creation of <> in Karabakh is likely to attract investments through policies and cooperation with private sectors. From an economic point of view, the development of renewable energy sources will reduce the cost of energy in the long term, make the country less dependent on fossil fuels, and contribute to the security of energy supply. The paper also points out the most important economic challenges in this sector, such as high start-up costs, infrastructure, and the need for highly qualified personnel. Despite these factors, the development of renewable energy in Karabakh is an important economic opportunity for Azerbaijan.