Azerbaijan State Oil Academy

The increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 since the Industrial Revolution has driven research into subsurface storage as a viable solution. This study focuses on developing machine learning models to estimate net present value and carbon footprint in a combined gas production and CO2 sequestration scenario in shales. The dataset comprised a large set of numerical simulation scenarios, which were run using PSU SHALECOMP, a 3-dimensional, compositional and multiphase simulator, which incorporates an equation of state to capture the effects of pressure and temperature variations. A horizontal production/injection well with multiple hydraulic fractures was modeled using the stimulated reservoir volume approach which represents the volume impacted by hydraulic fractures as well as the induced fractures through the natural fracture network in the reservoir. The results of these scenarios were used to calculate net present value and carbon footprint associated with each scenario. Exploratory data analysis and feature engineering revealed that the net present value is primarily governed by stimulated reservoir volume’s fracture permeability, original gas in place within the stimulated reservoir volume, and injection constraints, whereas the carbon footprint is predominantly controlled by total production duration and injected CO2 volume. Machine learning models were trained to build robust forecasting tools for net present value and carbon footprint. These models revealed that the selected neural network model outperformed multiple linear regression and random forests models in predicting both net present value and carbon footprint, with R2 values of 0.99 and 0.96, respectively, for the testing sets. To further refine these estimates and improve the robustness of predictions, future research should focus on improving the certainty in deterministic and probabilistic estimations of net present value and carbon footprint by gathering more comprehensive data, and conducting detailed analyses of carbon emissions and operational costs. This research represents a significant step toward understanding the economic and environmental implications of CO2 sequestration in shale reservoirs, contributing valuable insights for future developments in this field.

Residential rooftop solar photovoltaic systems play an important role in urban energy transitions by enabling decentralized electricity generation and supporting climate mitigation objectives. However, their real contribution depends on spatial constraints and building characteristics, requiring realistic system-level assessments in dense metropolitan areas. This study evaluates the system-level potential of residential rooftop photovoltaic deployment in Baku, Azerbaijan, using an integrated framework combining technical, economic, and environmental analyses under urban constraints. High-resolution rooftop suitability assessment and PVsyst-based simulations are applied to estimate city-scale electricity generation potential. Results show that rooftop photovoltaic systems could generate approximately 111.35 GWh annually, covering about 3.57% of total residential electricity demand. Although insufficient for full sectoral decarbonisation, this contribution represents a viable pathway for distributed renewable electricity generation in urban settings. Environmentally, rooftop photovoltaic deployment could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by more than 0.98 MtCO2 over a 20-year lifetime, demonstrating a measurable long-term decarbonisation benefit. Economic analysis indicates that residential rooftop photovoltaic systems achieve competitive generation costs and operate close to grid parity under current tariffs. Overall, rooftop photovoltaic can serve as a complementary element of urban decarbonisation strategies when supported by appropriate policy measures and integrated energy planning.

One of the promising technological processes in the production of oils is the hydrocracking process. It is radical in destructive hydrogenation and change in the structure of raw material molecules to obtain oil products with new qualities that are absent in the original raw material. The hydrocracking process in the processing of oil fractions and residues of Baku oils is especially necessary due to their high resin content. Therefore, the solution to this issue is of a topical nature. In this paper, the possibility of using oil fractions – distillate D-11 – a mixture of Baku low-paraffin oils as a raw material for obtaining base oils, including high-index ones, was investigated. Distillate D-11 from Azerbaijani oils was subjected to hydrocracking on an industrial catalyst GKD-205 under a pressure of 4-5 MPa, at volume rate of 0.5-1.0 h-1 and at a temperature of 420 °C. The optimal process mode for the conclusion was determined in order to obtain the base of high-index oils: pressure of 5 MPa, temperature of 420 °C, volume rate of 0.5 h-1 and amount of hydrogen of 1000 l/l of raw material. The oil fractions obtained during the work (300-400 °C) do not require dewaxing, as a result of which the costs of oil production were reduced by half. Without dewaxing, along with base oils VI-4 and VI-6, all-season motor oils M-4z/6V1 and M-6z/10V, turbine oils of the T-22, T-30, T-46, T-51 brands, and light cylinder oils 11, 24, AK-15, etc. were obtained. After dewaxing the oil fractions of hydrogenates, high-viscosity oils were obtained - vapors, which significantly surpass the quality of oils from unique Baku oils.

The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of the content of fibrous basalt (FBS) within 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10, 15, 20 mass

Using ZnO nanoparticles stabilized in different HPPE and MPE matrices as nanofillers, nanocomposites based on HPPE and LPPE binary mixture were prepared and their properties and structures were studied. Composite materials based on a mixture of high- and low-pressure polyethylenes, including additives of finely dispersed zinc oxide stabilized by a matrix of maleinized high-pressure polyethylene, were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An enhancement in strength, deformation parameters and thermal and oxidative stability of composites was revealed with the introduction of finely dispersed zinc oxide, which is apparently due to the formation of interfacial bonds between zinc-containing nanoparticles and components of the polymer composition. The results show that when a small amount of nanofiller is introduced into the polymer volume, it is located at the interface of the structural elements of HPPE and LPPE and plays a structure-forming role, which leads to the formation of a fine spherulitic structure in the composites. This leads to an improvement in the physical-mechanical, thermal and thermophysical properties of the resulting nanocomposite.