Baguio Central University

The study conducted in Swamp, Puguis, La Trinidad, Benguet, evaluated the inclusion of elevation and backfilling requirements in building permits as a flood control measure, revealing strong awareness and positive perceptions among respondents regarding their impact on flood risk reduction. Surveying 41 participants including geodetic engineers, iv government officials, and residents the research found that elevated structures significantly influence natural drainage and surface water flow, with respondents rating their understanding as high. There was overwhelming agreement that backfilling activities that do not comply with proper elevation standards escalate local flood risks, emphasizing the crucial role of geodetic engineers in conducting precise surveys, verifying compliance, and informing policies. Awareness of geodetic engineers’ contributions to flood control was notably strong, and respondents recognized the importance of including elevation certificates in building permits as essential for accurate flood risk assessments and alignment with flood hazard maps. Although the integration of elevation data in permitting processes is seen as largely implemented and valuable for reducing vulnerability to floods, enforcement remains inconsistent, and public education about its benefits requires enhancement. These findings highlight the pressing need for local governments to strengthen technical guidelines, monitoring, and stakeholder engagement to effectively incorporate elevation standards into building permits, promoting sustainable development and fortified flood resilience in flood-prone swamp v areas, with potential applicability to similar urban and rural settings across the Philippines and the broader Asia-Pacific region.

Digital transformation has reshaped global work and education, expanding online English teaching opportunities for Filipino educators. This study explores how teachers transition from platform-based employment to independent freelancing, emphasizing autonomy, identity reconstruction, entrepreneurial adaptation, and business sustainability. Using a qualitative descriptive design and reflexive thematic analysis, ten Filipino online English teachers shared their experiences navigating this transition. The findings revealed that the transition to freelancing was primarily driven by their desire for autonomy, fairness, and flexibility. Participants valued the freedom to design their schedules, teaching methods, and pricing strategies while developing direct relationships with students. However, freelancing also demanded emotional and cognitive resilience, as teachers faced challenges such as unstable internet connections, inconsistent client flow, and administrative workload. Three major themes emerged: reclaiming autonomy, navigating the emotional and cognitive demands of entrepreneurship, and building sustainable freelance careers through strategic differentiation and community support. The study proposes a Freelancing Adaptation Cycle that illustrates how Filipino online teachers evolve from algorithmic dependence to empowered teacherpreneurship, balancing professional independence, business awareness, and continuous learning.

This study examined the perceived service quality, student satisfaction, and cost factors associated with student loyalty at Baguio Central University. Anchored on the SERVQUAL Model, Expectancy-Disconfirmation Theory (EDT), and Perceived Value Theory (PVT), the study aimed to provide empirical evidence to support institutional strategies for improving student retention and long-term commitment. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed involving 110 students enrolled at Baguio Central University during the School Year 2024–2025. Data were collected using a structured survey questionnaire adapted from established instruments and analyzed using descriptive statistics, specifically weighted mean and ranking. The findings revealed that students generally perceived the University's service quality favorably, particularly regarding faculty competence, professionalism, and the effectiveness of academic support services. Students also expressed positive levels of satisfaction, especially in terms of career preparation and their sense of belonging within the institution. However, relatively lower ratings were observed for the adequacy of physical facilities and the perceived fairness and value of tuition and other fees, indicating areas requiring institutional improvement. Respondents likewise agreed that cost-related factors, including affordability, transparency of fees, financial assistance, and value for money, are important considerations in their continued commitment to the University. Overall, the findings suggest that maintaining high-quality educational services, enhancing student satisfaction, and strengthening students' perceptions of educational value may contribute to improved student loyalty. The study provides practical insights for university administrators in developing evidence-based policies and initiatives that enhance student experiences, strengthen institutional competitiveness, and promote sustainable student retention in private higher education institutions.

This research study looked into PRS92 Monument Re-coordination: Ensuring A United Coordinate System in Baguio City. The respondents were composed of thirty locals geodetic engineers who are duly registered with the Geodetic Engineer of the Philippines (GEP), Baguio City Chapter. The descriptive research design and descriptive survey research were the research methodology used. The questionnaire was the main data gathering instrument of the study. Based on the data gathered, the findings are the following: the objectives of re-coordination of PRS92 monuments were very much aware; the initiatives and activities of the PRS92 monument re-coordination were fully implemented, and the challenges met in the implementation of the PRS92 monument re-coordination were very much serious. The conclusions are the following: The high awareness among Geodetic Engineers in Baguio City about PRS92 monument re-coordination underscores their readiness to support the Philippine Reference System 1992 (PRS92); the programs and activities of the PRS92 are still on the process of strengthening its structures and manpower for efficient implementation; and there is a need to address the challenges met in the implementation of the Philippine Reference System 1992.

Purpose of the study: This study aims to assess entrepreneurs’ perceived roles in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, focusing on four cognitive dimensions: passion, innovation, risk-taking, and proactiveness, and to examine differences in these perceptions across selected demographic and enterprise characteristics. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive-comparative research design was employed. Data were collected from 226 entrepreneurs using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. Statistical tools included mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and one-way ANOVA. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics, supported by a relevant literature review and secondary data sources. Main Findings: The findings reveal a high overall level of perceived entrepreneurial roles. Proactiveness recorded the highest mean, followed by passion and innovation, while risk-taking was moderate. No significant differences were found across age and firm size, whereas the sector showed significant differences in passion and risk-taking. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides a multidimensional assessment of entrepreneurial role perceptions in Cambodia, emphasizing cognitive dimensions rather than performance outcomes. It offers new empirical evidence from Phnom Penh and contributes to the limited literature on entrepreneurial cognition in developing economies, supporting more context-specific research and policy development.