Bahia State University (Portuguese: Universidade do Estado da Bahia, UNEB) is a public university in the Brazilian state of Bahia. It is the largest north eastern Brazilian university and one of the region's most prestigious educational institutions.Founded in 1983, the university regrouped existing schools in the state of Bahia including the Technical Education Center of Bahia, the Faculty of Agronomy of the Middle San Francisco (Brazilian river), the Faculty of Teacher Training of Alagoinhas, the Faculty of Teacher Training of Jacobina, the Faculty of Teacher Training of Santo Antônio de Jesus, the Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Caetité and the Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Juazeiro. The university has subsequently created new departments and, with approximately 50,000 students enrolled, has become one of the largest institutions of higher education in Brazil.
Cashew apple bagasse (BAC) is a by-product obtained from the production of beverages based on the pseudo-fruit. Although it is commonly used for human and animal food or as a fertilizer, it adds very little economic value and is often wasted. Therefore, this study aims to carry out a systematic review of the applicability of BAC as a raw material for pharmaceutical and/or biotechnological products. This review was carried out according to the PRISMA© 2020 Checklist methodology. PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were used to collect and peer-review papers, using the following descriptors: “(cashew apple OR cashew)” AND (“bagasse” OR “biomass” OR “by-product”), considering the interval between 2019 and 2025. We excluded review articles, out of scope papers that and undergraduate academic productions. A total of 168 papers were found. After excluding duplicates, the titles and abstracts were peer-reviewed. Of these, 147 were excluded because they were not suitable for the research, even after 7 papers were re-screened. Finally, 11 full texts were peer-reviewed according to eligibility criteria and only one of these was excluded from the final count (n = 10). The raw material was described in terms of its phytochemical and nutritional composition and its physicochemical and lignocellulosic characteristics. It was possible to highlight the potential application of this by-product as an intermediate or final product in the industrial production of cosmetic, biopharmaceutical and biotechnological products. Despite promising findings, logistical, economic, and manufacturing constraints remain, and further in vivo studies are required to confirm biosafety comprehensively.
Microalgae are recognized as promising sources of high-value bioactive compounds with applications in agricultural and pharmacological industries; however, conventional biomass harvesting methods may reduce yield, compromise bioactivity, and increase processing costs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of electroflocculation on biomass recovery and the preservation of antimicrobial activity of microalgal extracts, in comparison with centrifugation. Cultures of both species were harvested using electroflocculation and centrifugation, followed by biomass quantification and extraction of bioactive compounds. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed against bacterial strains of clinical and industrial relevance, allowing a comparative evaluation of harvesting efficiency and bioactivity preservation. Electroflocculation resulted in higher biomass recovery compared to centrifugation for both microalgal species. In addition, extracts obtained from electroflocculated biomass exhibited higher antibacterial activity under the tested conditions, indicating improved preservation of bioactive compounds during the harvesting process. These findings demonstrate that electroflocculation is a clean, efficient, and sustainable method for microalgal biomass harvesting, suggesting advantages over conventional centrifugation in terms of yield and maintenance of antimicrobial activity, and supporting its application in biotechnological processes aimed at producing bioactive compounds from microalgae.
Dengue is one of the most rapidly expanding mosquito-borne viral diseases worldwide, posing a persistent public health challenge across tropical and subtropical regions. Here, we report the re-emergence of dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) in Paraguay following approximately 15 years without confirmed detection. In early 2025, twelve laboratory-confirmed cases were identified in the metropolitan region of Asunción through routine epidemiological surveillance and molecular diagnostics. To investigate the origin and evolutionary context of these infections, whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction were performed. Genomic analyses classified the viruses within DENV-3 genotype III, lineage B.3.2, supporting the hypothesis of a recent external introduction of an emerging lineage rather than persistence or renewed transmission of previously circulating local strains. Temporal and phylogeographic inferences further indicated recent introduction events consistent with regional viral movement across South America, highlighting the dynamic nature of dengue transmission in highly connected urban settings. These findings provide early evidence of DENV-3 re-establishment in Paraguay and emphasize the epidemiological relevance of continuous molecular surveillance, particularly in countries experiencing intense and recurrent dengue activity driven by multiple serotypes. Strengthening genomic monitoring frameworks is essential to enable rapid detection of lineage introductions, characterize transmission pathways, and support timely public health decision-making. Enhanced integration of genomic, epidemiological, and entomological data will be critical to anticipate outbreak risk and guide targeted control strategies aimed at reducing dengue burden in Paraguay and the broader region.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Physical activity is part of the treatment for several mental diseases, including anxiety disorders. However, it is not known whether individuals with higher levels of physical fitness experience lower levels of anxiety or stressful emotions. It is also unknown whether those individuals can better control their emotions in stressful situations. The aim of this study was to examine whether high cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with lower trait levels of anger and anxiety, and whether individuals with different fitness levels show distinct emotional responses to unpleasant visual stimuli. METHODS:On separate days, 40 healthy young participants completed two sessions. Trait anxiety and anger were assessed during the first session to characterize the participants. The participants self-reported their exercise practice to predict cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The participants' anger/anxiety levels were assessed before and after exposure to a 69-picture set of unpleasant or neutral pictures for 30 min. RESULTS:Multiple regression analysis showed that maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) (β = -0.241, t = -3.173, 95% confidence interval CI [-0.395; -0.087], p = 0.003) and anger-out (β = 0.333, t = 2.124, 95%CI [0.015; 0.651], p = 0.040) were predictors of changes in anger-state in the unpleasant picture presentation. Individuals with a V̇O2max below average (BA) had a 775% greater risk for changing their classification from intermediate to high anxiety levels compared to above average (AA) individuals (OR = 8.754, 95%CI [1.202; 63.759]). V̇O2max was a predictor of trait anxiety (β = -0.456, t = -3.485, 95%CI [-0.721; -0.191]; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION:CRF is associated with lower levels of trait anxiety and higher resilience in situations of emotional stress.
Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health threat whose expansion into temperate regions has been facilitated by climate change and vector adaptation. Despite recurrent epidemics in Brazil, genomic surveillance in mosquito vectors remains limited, particularly in southern regions, constraining our understanding of local transmission dynamics and viral evolution. Here, we aimed to investigate dengue virus circulation, serotype co-circulation, and genomic signals of viral adaptation through vector-based genomic surveillance in southern Brazil. Using this approach, we provide genomic evidence of dengue virus circulation in southern Brazil during 2023. Whole-genome sequencing revealed active circulation of both DENV-1 (Genotype V) and DENV-2 (Genotype II), with the detection of mosquito pools harboring both serotypes, indicating their simultaneous circulation and raising concerns about increased transmission complexity and sequential infection risk in humans. Phylogenetic analyses supported sustained local transmission alongside multiple viral introductions. Moreover, recurrent mutations, particularly in non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, and NS5), suggest ongoing viral adaptation. These findings represent the first vector-derived genomic data for dengue in southern Brazil and highlight the critical role of mosquito-based genomic surveillance in detecting co-circulating serotypes, monitoring viral evolution, and strengthening preparedness in emerging transmission settings.
