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In 2019, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) made it mandatory to support the electronic clearance of ships entering foreign ports. In preparation, the IMO Facilitation Committee started to develop a reference data model to harmonise the most important standards for ship clearance. The first version was published in 2020. The model is already extending into other areas of ship-port data exchanges and it is now increasingly seen as a tool to coordinate development of new electronic data exchange standards for ship operations. The lack of such coordination has, up until now, been a significant problem—much better coordination is essential in the relatively small and highly international market that shipping represents.
The iconostasis located in Saint Nicholas Russian Orthodox Cathedral in Nice is a refined piece of art in which multiple materials and artworks coexist. Its layout - mainly horizontal - is 8.30 meters long and 6.90 meters high. The iconostasis is supported by a wooden structure and shows, on the front side, an exquisitely embossed, chiselled and pierced covering in copper and brass plate. Thirty-six icons painted with egg tempera 26 on a board, 8 oil on canvas glued to a wooden support and 2 on a metal plate - are set within the iconostasis frame. Lastly, the ensemble is embellished through the insertion of embroidered silk fabric, leather and gemstones. The state of conservation in situ was complex and delicate. At first, an analysis of the different metal parts, in addition to the natural time-dependant degradation, let presume at least one previous intervention of restoration. Taking the 'minimal intervention' approach as guideline, the project and consequent methodology have been scrupulously adjusted, following the principle of compatibility and balance to recreate the harmony and overall readability of the artwork.
