Bam University of Medical Sciences is a medical sciences university in Bam, Kerman, Iran. The university has three school including medicine, health, and nursing & midwifery.
Mycotoxins, hazardous secondary metabolites naturally produced by filamentous fungi (molds), pose ongoing global concerns for food safety due to their wide range of toxic effects in humans and animals, as well as their contribution to significant economic losses. A common mycotoxin, zearalenone (ZEA), is mostly present in grains, such as rye, sorghum, barley, wheat, and maize. Its detrimental effects, such as mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, pose a serious risk to both human and animal health. The current work created a sensitive electrochemical sensor to determine ZEA utilizing a screen-printed graphene electrode modified with MoS2 nanosheets/MnO2 nanorods. Fourier transform infrared and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the properties of the as-fabricated sensor. The detection limit based on S/N = 3 was determined to be 3.0 nM, and the oxidation current of ZEA on the modified electrode surface showed a linear response in the range of 0.008–100.0 µM. The applicability of the modified electrode was evaluated by determining ZEA in food specimens using the standard addition method, yielding acceptable relative standard deviations (2.9–3.4
These are two of the most common gynecologic diseases, affecting 15
Skin tears (ST) are common traumatic wounds, particularly among older adults, that can lead to complications if not accurately assessed and classified. The International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP) classification system is widely used internationally; however, no validated Persian version currently exists. To culturally adapt, and evaluate the clinimetric properties of the Persian version of the ISTAP Classification System. This methodological study was conducted from February to May 2025 in multiple phases. After forward-backward translation and expert review, face and content validity were assessed. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing nurses' classifications with expert consensus using weighted Cohen's kappa coefficient. Construct validity was examined using the known-groups method, comparing skin tear frequency and severity between 30 elderly patients with impaired mobility and 30 younger adults without impaired mobility. Reliability was evaluated using Fleiss' kappa coefficient for multiple raters, and weighted Cohen's kappa coefficient for inter-rater and intra-rater agreement. Diagnostic accuracy indices, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), odds ratio (OR) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), were calculated for each skin tear type. Content validity was excellent (content validity ratio (CVR): 0.82-1.00; item-level content validity index (I-CVI): 0.91-1.00; scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave): 0.94). Criterion validity showed almost perfect agreement with experts (weighted κ = 0.902, p < 0.001). Construct validity was supported by significant group differences in skin tear frequency (Fisher's exact p = 0.001) and severity (t(58) = 2.12, p = 0.039). Reliability was substantial to almost perfect across analyses (Fleiss' κ = 0.8447; inter-rater weighted κ = 0.66; intra-rater weighted κ = 0.86). Diagnostic accuracy was excellent for all types (AUC = 0.99), with sensitivity 97.5%-99.2%, specificity 98.4%-99.6%, PPV 97.5%-99.3%, NPV 98.1%-99.6% and very high OR and LR values. The Persian version of the ISTAP Classification System demonstrated excellent validity, reliability and diagnostic accuracy, supporting its use as a standardised tool for assessing ST in Persian-speaking healthcare settings.
Background Psychological ownership, professional ethics, and job performance are critical components influencing the quality of healthcare delivery. Understanding how psychological ownership contributes to nurses’ professional behavior and performance, particularly within high-stress perioperative settings such as the operating room, remains limited in Iran. This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological ownership, job performance, and professional ethics among nurses and operating room technologists working in educational hospitals in Khoy. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 among 197 nurses and operating room technologists selected from two educational hospitals in Khoy using proportion-to-size and convenience sampling. Data were collected using four questionnaires: a demographic information form, the Psychological Ownership of Nursing Care Questionnaire, the Patterson Job Performance Questionnaire, and the Nurses’ Adherence to the Code of Ethics Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 through descriptive statistics, ANOVA with Sidak post-hoc tests, Spearman correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression and subgroup analysis by sex. Results The mean (standard deviation) of psychological ownership, performance, and professional ethics were 116.57 (19.41), 38.57 (6.63),and 64.97 (8.89), respectively. Significant differences were found across hospital departments for all three variables (p < 0.05), with the lowest score for operating room nurses. Psychological ownership and professional ethics showed strong positive association with job performance (r = 0.55 and r = 0.48, respectively; p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that psychological ownership (β = 0.11, p = 0.001), professional ethics (β = 0.34, p = 0.001), and male gender (β = –1.80, p = 0.04) were significantly related with job performance. Also, among the female staff, the differences in job performance across different departments were statistically significant (p = 0.001). But the differences in job performance among male staff across different departments were not statistically significant (p = 0.46). Conclusion Psychological ownership and professional ethics are strongly associated with job performance among nurses and operating room technologists. Operating room nurses demonstrated comparatively lower levels of psychological ownership, ethical commitment, and job performance, highlighting the potential influence of perioperative work environments and organizational dynamics on their outcomes. Organizational strategies to enhance ethical climate, participation and psychological empowerment might help improve patient care, specially in operating room.
In this study, an efficient and straightforward five-component protocol has been developed to synthesize the highly substituted novel class of pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole skeleton which is fused with pyrrole rings. Starting materials including benzene-1,2-diamine, ethyl cyanoacetate, and aryl glyoxal in the presence of catalytic amount of piperidine as catalyst under refluxing ethanol is used for desired products. The sequence of cascade reactions includes Knoevenagel condensation, nucleophilic addition, Michael addition, and cyclization.
