Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Persian: دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی-درمانی شهيد بهشتی, Danushgah-e 'lum-e Pezeshki-ye vâ Xedâmat-e Behedashti - Dârmani-ye Shihid Beheshti) is one of the three medical universities in Tehran, the capital of Iran. It began in 1961 with the establishment of the Schools of Medicine and Dentistry. Following the merging of some of the treatment and educational units and organizations affiliated to the then Ministry of Health and “Melli University” (National University) in 1986, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences began its activities independently.In addition to educating students and research, the university is responsible for providing health for five million citizens who live in the northern and eastern parts of Tehran, and some of the cities near the capital.The university is government funded. Its administration is the Board of Trustees, the Chancellor, the University Council, and eight Vice -Chancellors in international, academic and education, research, health, treatment, food and drugs, logistics, and students affairs.The SBUMS is the second largest medical university in Iran, and educates 12,500 students in medicine and allied medical sciences..
مقدمه: بیماری لیشمانیوز جلدی (سالک)، یک بیماری انگلی و زئونوز است. این مطالعه به مقایسهی سه روش سیستم استنتاج عصبی فازی تطبیقی (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)، پرسپترون چند لایه (Multi-Layer Perceptron) و تحلیل مؤلفههای اصلی (PCA – ANFIS) برای مدلسازی و پیشبینی این بیماری در شهرستان سبزوار پرداخت. روشها: دادههای مورد استفاده شامل موارد ابتلا به لیشمانیوز جلدی (۱۳۹۳–۱۴۰۰) و عوامل مؤثر مانند جمعیت، اقلیم، پوشش گیاهی و توپوگرافی بودند. از GIS (Geographic Information System) و مدلهای ANFIS، MLP و PCA-ANFIS برای پیشبینی فضایی بیماری استفاده شد. یافتهها: بیشترین موارد ابتلا در پاییز و زمستان رخ داده بود، در حالیکه بهار، کمترین میزان را داشت. ارتفاع و شاخص پوشش گیاهی (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) بیشترین تأثیر را در پیشبینی بیماری داشتند. مدل ANFIS: بیشترین موارد ابتلا را در بخش بیهق پیشبینی کرد. مدل MLP: نتایج مشابهی داشت، اما در مناطق زرین، فروغن و ربع شامات موارد کمتری پیشبینی شد. مدل PCA-ANFIS: در مناطقی مانند حکمآباد، کراب و رباط، موارد ابتلای بالاتری نسبت به دو مدل دیگر نشان داد. پیشبینی ریسک خطر بیماری در هر سه مدل مشابه بود. نتیجهگیری: مدل PCA-ANFIS عملکرد بهتری در پیشبینی لیشمانیوز جلدی در سبزوار داشت. این مطالعه میتواند به تهیهی نقشههای پیشبینی و آسیبپذیری بیماری کمک کند و اطلاعات ارزشمندی برای برنامهریزی بهداشتی و کاهش شیوع سالک ارائه دهد.
Silicone-coated prosthetic devices, a category of medical implants with a history spanning decades, have significantly impacted medical technology by enhancing patients’ quality of life and functional outcomes across various conditions. Since the use of these devices has been steadily rising and concerning complications have been reported, it is necessary to understand the epidemiologic characteristics, etiologies, and risk factors associated with their adverse outcomes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the survival rates and adverse effects of silicone-coated prosthetic devices. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were systematically explored using a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Heading terms, including “silicone-coated prosthetic device”, “survival rate”, “adverse event”, “epidemiology”, “etiology”, and “risk factor”. Studies focusing on other aspects of silicone-coated prostheses or non-silicone-coated devices were excluded. Capsular contracture, infection, implant rupture, and allergic reactions are the most prevalent complications reported by the available literature. The acute inflammatory reaction against silicone-coated devices is initiated by neutrophils and monocytes activation resulting in the activation of pro-inflammatory macrophage M1 as a prominent mediator. This response is characterized by decreased interleukin (IL)-10 levels and elevated levels of IL-12, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species which leads to an increased activity of T-helper 1 and 17. IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and transforming growth factor-β are among the main factors involved in the chronic inflammatory response that could result in capsule contracture. Additionally, factors such as age, chronic diseases, surgical methods, and post-surgical care are identified as significant contributors to the viability of silicone-coated implants. Ongoing investigations continue to delve into the complicated aspects of the immune response to silicone-coated devices. The ultimate goal is to fully comprehend these complexities and devise strategies that minimize inflammation, ultimately enhancing the biocompatibility of these devices. Level of Evidence: not gradable.
Abstract Retinoblastoma (RB) is a primary cancer of the eye that predominantly affects children, although rare adult cases have been reported. This malignancy arises from immature retinal cells and is a major cause of vision loss in the pediatric population. In advanced stages, RB can spread to the brain and other organs. The primary driver of this disease is mutations in the RB1 tumor suppressor gene; however, the full development and advancement of RB necessitate further genetic and epigenetic changes beyond RB1 inactivation. Epigenetic alterations in RB involve various mechanisms, with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) playing a crucial role in tumor progression. Dysregulation of various ncRNA classes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), has been extensively documented, highlighting their contribution to the complexity and progression of the disease. The present study aims to collect a series of previously published studies exploring the contribution of ncRNAs in RB and their potential application as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as considering them as valuable targets in the treatment of RB. It will also address the challenges encountered during this pathway.
In this study we report a structured, evidence-based treatment protocol for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) by integrating findings from a systematic literature review with expert clinical insights. We performed a two-step methodology. First, a comprehensive systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies on OSSN treatment. Articles were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Next, a focused group discussion was conducted with expert ophthalmologists to develop a consensus-driven treatment protocol. Discussions were transcribed and thematically analyzed to identify key recommendations for treatment selection and follow-up strategies. Based on the literature review and expert panel consensus, a structured treatment protocol was developed. Surgical treatment is recommended in cases with uncertainty regarding the diagnosis, resource limitations, exclusive corneal involvement, and poor patient compliance with medical treatment or follow-up. Medical treatment with interferon α-2b or 5-fluorouracil is preferred in other scenarios, with agent selection based on side-effect profile and medication availability. Adjuvant therapy is advised when surgical margins are involved. Furthermore, a standardized follow-up schedule is proposed, ensuring long-term monitoring for recurrence. In conclusion, this protocol provides a structured, adaptable framework for OSSN treatment, offering clear guidelines for selecting the appropriate treatment strategy. By balancing evidence-based recommendations with clinical considerations, this protocol aims to optimize patient outcomes.
Infertility is a crucial challenge for global health that encompasses economic, psychological, and medical aspects. Besides anatomical contributors to infertility, specific dietary components may influence reproductive outcomes in both men and women through diverse molecular and epigenetic mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the role of macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals in male and female infertility using a system biology approach. To address the complex interplay between infertility and nutritional factors, we focused on published studies that explore molecular and systems biology pathways, including those involving nutrigenetics, epigenetics, metabolomics, and gene expression profiling. These studies span both human and animal models and were selected based on their relevance to reproductive outcomes and mechanistic insights. Several nutrients appear to influence infertility through distinct molecular mechanisms. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may exert beneficial effects by modulating the expression of fertility-related genes, while saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are associated with impaired oocyte quality and reproductive dysfunction via altered gene expression and DNA damage. Among micronutrients, increased intake of folate and vitamin D has been linked to improved gamete quality and folliculogenesis in women with infertility. Dietary glutamine and selenium may enhance fertility through their antioxidant properties. Iron demonstrates dual effects, potentially supporting or impairing fertility depending on its role in epigenetic regulation. Dietary intake may influence the risk of infertility through pathways related to nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, and nutri-epigenomics. While current evidence suggests promising nutrient–gene interactions, most findings are derived from small-scale or preclinical studies, highlighting the need for robust human trials.
