Basque Government

BACKGROUND:Understanding the epidemiology of trauma-related mortality is essential to guide quality improvement and optimize trauma system performance. However, the absence of comprehensive regional registries often limits accurate assessment. This study aimed to characterize trauma-related deaths in Biscay (Spain), a European region with an intermediately mature trauma care system, including both prehospital and in-hospital deaths. METHODS:A retrospective, population-based observational study included all trauma-related deaths in 2019 and 2022. Data were obtained from forensic autopsy reports and cross-referenced with clinical registries from the Basque Health Service. Variables analyzed were demographics, injury mechanisms, severity scores (AIS, ISS, NISS), ASA-PS classification, medico-legal intent, and physiopathological cause of death. Years of potential life lost before age 70 (YPLL70) were calculated. RESULTS:A total of 313 trauma-related deaths were recorded: 151 in 2019 and 162 in 2022. Median age was 72 years (P25-P75: 52-84), and 67% were men. Low-energy falls accounted for 41% of cases and high-energy falls for 30%. The medico-legal intent was mainly unintentional (69%), followed by suicide (29%). Traumatic brain injury (47%) and massive hemorrhage (29%) were the leading physiopathological causes. Two distinct profiles emerged: young adults sustaining high-energy trauma with severe injuries, and older adults dying after low-energy mechanisms. CONCLUSION:This study highlights a dual epidemiological pattern of trauma-related mortality in a region with an intermediately mature trauma system. Adapting trauma care pathways to address both high- and low-energy trauma, particularly in an aging population, may improve efficiency, equity, and clinical outcomes.

This study developed and tested a mediated‐effects model to examine how learning‐centred leadership influences teacher innovative practices through teacher knowledge sharing within Türkiye's centralised education system. Using survey data from 405 primary and secondary school teachers across Türkiye, we performed structural equation modelling to analyse the empirical links among study variables. The findings indicated that learning‐centred leadership has a significant direct impact on teacher innovative practices and an indirect effect through teacher knowledge sharing. Grounded in social exchange theory, our study suggested that principals who execute learning‐centred leadership practices foster teacher knowledge sharing, which, in turn, enhances teachers' implementation of innovative practices. We provided implications for policymakers and practitioners in Türkiye and similar educational contexts who aim to improve teacher innovative practices.

In this paper, we are interested in the following conjecture of Wilson from 1981: every locally nilpotent countably categorical group is nilpotent. Following our previous work on the Lie algebra analogue of the conjecture, we use Lie methods to deduce the first nontrivial cases of the Wilson conjecture for n-Engel groups: countably categorical 3-Engel groups and 4-Engel 5-groups are nilpotent, from which we also conclude that countably categorical 4-Engel groups of odd exponent are nilpotent. This is implemented via an exceptional case of the Lazard correspondence, checked using computer algebra systems. We also study the transfer of nilpotency results between the three categories: groups, Lie algebras, associative algebras. Among other things, we prove that the Wilson conjecture implies the analogous nilpotency statement for associative algebras (modulo the commutative case).

We characterise the frame morphisms f:L→ M that lift to frame maps f:_b(L)→_b(M) , where _b(L) is the collection of joins of complemented sublocales of a frame L, or equivalently the Booleanization of the collection (L) of all its sublocales. We do so by proving that _b(L) is isomorphic to the Bruns–Lakser completion of the meet-semilattice formed by the locally closed sublocales, i.e. the sublocales of the form 𝔠(a)∩𝔬(b) for a,b∈ L .

Abstract Issue The wide availability of food supplements, together with misinformation and unauthorized health claims, represents a growing public health challenge across countries. The role of social media as an advertising channel constitutes a commercial determinant of health, exposing young people as vulnerable population. Despite existing regulatory controls, there is a need for a risk communication policy that involves health professionals and civil society to promote informed and responsible consumption. Description A retrospective analysis of all European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) notifications related to dietetic foods, food supplements and fortified foods (2020-2025) was conducted using RASFF Window data. The objective was to transform regulatory surveillance data into actionable public health information to be shared among medical care professionals, given their role as trusted intermediaries for health advice. Results This product category accounted for 7,4% of 28.441 notifications, with 72% involving potential health risks, indicating a disproportionate risk profile relative to the market size. The most frequent issues (45%) concerned unauthorized novel food ingredients under (EU) 2015/2283 Regulation, with more than 250 ingredients identified, mainly cannabidiol, alpha‑GPC and Yohimbe. Pharmacological, hormonal or psychoactive prohibited substances accounted for 15% of reports, mainly THC, sildenafil and sibutramine. Risks related to overdose represented 9%, with vitamin D supplements as the most frequent. Products marketed for weight loss, anxiety relief, or improved athletic or sexual performance are common. Lessons Regulatory surveillance systems generate relevant safety information that is insufficiently transferred, limiting their preventive potential. Using these data as a proactive health communication tool, rather than solely a market control mechanism, represents a relevant public health action for risk communication. Key messages • The role of social media as an advertising channel of food supplements constitutes a commercial determinant of health, exposing young people as vulnerable population. • Regulatory surveillance systems generate relevant safety information which, used as a proactive health communication tool, represents a relevant public health action for risk communication.