Universidad del Rosario (officially in Spanish: Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario) is a Colombian university founded on Roman Catholic principles, in 1653 by Fray Cristobal de Torres. Located in Bogotá, due to its important place in Colombian history, it is known as "the Cradle of the Republic". Most faculties reside at the Cloister, the main campus located in the historic-geographical centre of Bogotá. It also included a private all-male traditional primary and secondary school until 2008.Nowadays the institution is based on secular ideas and remains very influential in Colombian culture and public life. At least 28 of Colombia's Presidents have been students of this university. It has influenced and participated in very important transitional processes like the revolution for the independence from Spain and the drafting of the Political National Constitution of 1991. One of the most important 1886 Constitution's Supreme Court (1936), the so-called golden court, was composed in its majority by lawyers from the Faculty of Jurisprudence.
We study the Cauchy problem for a two-dimensional regularized Benjamin–Ono–Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation in anisotropic Sobolev spaces Hs1,s2(R2).ut+a(un)x+(bHut+uyy)x=0. We establish local well-posedness for initial data satisfying 1s1+1s2<2. For sufficiently small initial data, we prove global existence and derive dispersive decay estimates for the associated linear evolution. As a consequence, the nonlinear solutions scatter to linear solutions as t→±∞ in the small-data regime.
Water quality assessment is critical for determining the suitability of water resources for human consumption. In Santa Marta, northern Colombia, limited access to potable water and sewage systems, along with poor treatment infrastructure, poses a significant risk to both urban and rural communities. In some areas, untreated water is sourced directly from rivers or cisterns. Despite being a public health concern, molecular surveillance of waterborne pathogens remains limited. In this study, we integrated next-generation sequencing (NGS) with conventional physicochemical and microbiological analyses to assess water quality in the Gaira and Manzanares rivers. A total of 24 water samples were collected from eight sites along these rivers between August 2023 and February 2024. Microbial communities were characterized using Oxford Nanopore sequencing targeting the 16S-rRNA and 18S-rRNA genes. Physicochemical variables evidenced high levels of contamination, as elevated concentrations of nitrates, phosphates, ammonium, BOD, and COD were detected across the sampling sites. Other parameters, such as pH and temperature, remained stable, while conductivity and dissolved oxygen varied across sites. Microbiological analyses indicated elevated coliform levels, and Cryptosporidium spp. DNA, but not Giardia intestinalis DNA, was detected by PCR. Sequencing analysis revealed 1080 prokaryotic and 149 eukaryotic taxa, including environmental bacteria, Escherichia-Shigella group, and important taxa like Enterocytozoon. Diversity analyses showed that prokaryotic community structure was significantly influenced by basin location (upstream vs. downstream), whereas eukaryotic communities were primarily structured by river identity. Overall, integrating NGS with conventional methods provided a comprehensive characterization of microbial diversity and contamination risks in these tropical river systems, highlighting the urgent need to strengthen water management and public health strategies in Santa Marta and similar regions.
The use of mobile dataloggers to gather proximity data has generated novel insights into the social network structure of animals. The performance of mobile dataloggers may be impacted by different environmental and social conditions. Thus, validation studies that account for species-specific habitat use and behavior are essential. We conducted a series of validation studies of two brands of mobile dataloggers (Gipsy6, Technosmart, Italy; ProxLog, IoSA, Belgium) on the semi-fossorial rodent, Octodon degus. First, we determined the sensitivity of both types of dataloggers to track position and closeness in different habitats (Experiments 1 and 2). To determine if the structure of the network is influenced by the kind of data collected, we compared social networks generated by the two datalogger types and a passive monitoring RFID (radio frequency identification) system previously used in our study system (Experiment 3). The Gipsy6 units were more sensitive in open areas, within shrubs, and when into a burrow opening than ProxLog units. Mantel tests revealed that networks based on Gipsy6 and ProxLog units were weakly correlated with those from the RFID system. Both the group-level (weight, density, and eigenvector) and node-level (eigenvector) network metrics generated by the Gipsy6 and ProxLog dataloggers were not correlated with RFID. Degus carrying both types of dataloggers lost 7
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a type of hemorrhagic stroke with high morbidity and mortality, with life-threatening secondary complications including delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Biomarkers capable of improving early risk of DCI remain understudied. DCI frequently triggers neurogenic cardiac injury, manifested through left ventricular dysfunction and wall strain. Natriuretic peptides (NP), including brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), have been implicated in the cardiac stress responses after aSAH, but their prognostic utility for DCI remains uncertain. The objective was to systematically review and meta-analyze observational studies evaluating the association of NP with DCI, mortality, and functional outcome in patients with aSAH. Following PRISMA guidelines, five databases were searched up to September 2025. Eligible studies included adult patients with confirmed aSAH and measured NP levels within 7 days, reporting outcomes of interest. Data were synthesized using random-effects models, with effect sizes expressed as odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs). Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool. In total, 17 studies (n = 3172 patients) were included, with 12 proving data for quantitative synthesis. Elevated NP levels were significantly associated with DCI in dichotomous (OR 2.66, 95
