Circuit implementation is a widely accepted method for validating theoretical insights observed in chaotic systems. It also serves as a basis for numerous chaos-based engineering applications, including data encryption, random number generation, secure communication, neuromorphic computing, and so forth. To get feasible, compact, and cost-effective circuit implementations of chaotic systems, the underlying mathematical model may be simplified while preserving all rich nonlinear behaviors. In this framework, this manuscript presents a simplified Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) capable of generating a broad spectrum of complex behaviors using a minimal number of electronic elements. Based on Shil’nikov’s theorem for heteroclinic orbits, the number of non-zero synaptic connections in the matrix weights is reduced, while simultaneously using only one nonlinear activation function. As a result of these simplifications, we obtain the most compact electronic implementation of a tri-neuron HNN with the lowest component count but retaining complex dynamics. Comprehensive theoretical and numerical analyses by equilibrium points, density-colored continuation diagrams, basin of attraction, and Lyapunov exponents, confirm the presence of periodic oscillations, spiking, bursting, and chaos. Such chaotic dynamics range from single-scroll chaotic attractors to double-scroll chaotic attractors, as well as coexisting attractors to transient chaos. A brief security application of an S-Box utilizing the presented HNN is also given. Finally, a physical implementation of the HNN is given to confirm the proposed approach. Experimental observations are in good agreement with numerical results, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed approach.
In this work, cisplatin was encapsulated within both pristine and doped zigzag (14,0) SWBPNTs. Adsorption energy calculations were performed to determine the most stable system. Doping takes place when one carbon or titanium atom replaces one boron or phosphorus atom. The structural and electronic properties were investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT) according to the PWscf code of the Quantum ESPRESSO package. The electron–ion interactions were treated with PAW pseudopotentials, while long-range van der Waals (vdW) interactions were incorporated through the Grimme DFT-D3 dispersion correction. The systems were separated by a vacuum space of 15 Å along the direction perpendicular to z to avoid spurious interactions between adjacent nanotubes. The adsorption energies are: Pristine SWBPNT (-0.92 eV), Carbon-doped SWBPNT (B position) (-0.66 eV), Carbon-doped SWBPNT (P position) (-0.35 eV), Titanium-doped SWBPNT (B position) (-3.14 eV), and Titanium-doped SWBPNT (P position) (-3.86 eV). The pristine and carbon-doped nanotubes are considered more favorable, provided that their adsorption energies are sufficient to ensure interaction without being so strong as to hinder desorption.
Exotic species can significantly affect native species communities. However, there is a lack of studies comparing the communities of vascular epiphytes and their vertical stratification on native and exotic phorophytes coexisting within natural ecosystems. This study compares these aspects between the native phorophyte Cedrela dugesii and the exotic Annona cherimola within a fragment of cloud forest in central Mexico. We recorded all the epiphyte species present on every individual of each phorophyte species within 0.25 ha. We estimated and compared true diversities, relative abundance, and species composition, both total and per stratum: trunk (ZI), inner branches (ZII), and outer branches (ZIII) between phorophyte species. The association between epiphytes and phorophyte traits (branch diameter, inclination, and height; vegetation cover; and diameter at breast height) was also analyzed. The native phorophyte hosted a higher total (0D:19) and per stratum (0DZI:10; 1DZI:5.1; 0DZIII:15) diversity than the exotic one (0D:10; 0DZI:3, 1DZI:3; 0DZIII:7), except in ZII. In both phorophytes, the most abundant species were Pecluma ferruginea in ZI (native:34 stands; exotic:15 stands) and Tillandsia capitata in ZII and ZIII (native:71, 168 stands; exotic:27, 25 stands). Species composition was similar between phorophytes, but different between ZI (associated with high vegetation cover and thick branches) and ZIII (associated with tall branches). Although both phorophytes host epiphytes, a higher diversity is hosted by the native species than the exotic one. To conserve and maintain this diversity of epiphytes and their functionality within the locality, continuous monitoring of both phorophyte species is necessary.
Actinobacillus seminis causes epididymitis in ruminants and spontaneous abortion. A. seminis virulence factors remain unknown; however, it has been shown that testosterone increased bacterial growth, adhesins expression, and protease expression, as well as biofilm production, suggesting the presence of a bacterial receptor for this hormone. The present study reported the isolation of two potential testosterone receptors from A. seminis grown in the presence of testosterone. A 75 kDa and a 55 kDa proteins were isolated from bacterial lysate with triazine orange-Sepharose CL6B column or with immobilized testosterone on polystyrene plates, respectively. Mass spectrometry identified the 75 kDa as the periplasmic LsrB, and the 55 kDa as the outer membrane OmpF from A. seminis. Molecular docking showed OmpF and LsrB interaction with testosterone in 59
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has phenolic compounds that have been defined as prebiotics capable of improving probiotic survival in the human gut. This study aimed to use probiotic-containing tea to produce sodium alginate beads to enhance probiotic survival during gastrointestinal simulation (GS). Teas with different oxidation levels (black, green, and white) were evaluated for total flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and probiotic survival (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus casei) for 4 days of storage. White tea and L. plantarum were selected for bead production and GS because white tea showed the highest bioactive compound content and antioxidant capacity, while L. plantarum showed better survival during storage than L. casei. Although the tea-based beads improved probiotic survival during GS, most viable cells remained retained within the beads (5.66 ± 0.01 log10 CFU/g), while fewer cells were released into the simulated gastrointestinal fluids (4.28 ± 0.20 log10 CFU/g; p < 0.05).
