Bishop Moore College

In this paper, we introduce and study an intervened version of the hyper-Poisson distribution, which incorporates an intervention mechanism into the standard hyper-Poisson framework. We studied some of its relevant properties by deriving explicit expressions for its mean, variance, coefficient of skewness and kurtosis, probability generating function, factorial moments, raw moments, and recursion formulae for its probabilities, factorial moments, and raw moments. Various parameter estimation techniques for the intervened hyper-Poisson distribution are examined, including maximum likelihood estimation. To assess its practical applicability, the model is fitted to real-life datasets, and its goodness-of-fit is evaluated. Additionally, a likelihood ratio test is conducted to verify the statistical significance of the parameters. Furthermore, a simulation study is performed to assess the efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimators, providing insights into the robustness of the proposed model.

Nanoporous carbon is a highly promising material for energy storage and conversion due to its high specific surface area, large pore volume, and tunable porosity. Herein, we report carbon nitride (CN) incorporated nanoporous carbon derived from largely available and low-cost Victorian brown coal through the KOH solid-state activation followed by the carbonization of aminoguanidine at low temperatures under inert conditions. The prepared materials have high specific surface areas (>3100 m(2) g(-1)), large pore volumes (>1.7 cm(3) g(-1)), and a hierarchical nanoporous structure. At a current density of 0.5 A g(-1), the optimized material exhibited a high specific capacitance of 226.5 F g(-1). The symmetric supercapacitor device demonstrated an energy density of 18 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 582 Wkg(-1). Furthermore, a quasi-solid KOH/PVA gel-based supercapacitor exhibited a specific capacitance of 119.3 F g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1). The AG10 material also demonstrated an excellent limiting current density of 5.31 mA cm(-2) at 0.2 V in the oxygen reduction reaction, significantly higher than the nanoporous carbon without CN (0.94 mA cm(-2)). While the nanoporous carbon plays a key role in ion transfer and providing electrical conductivity, CN is beneficial for providing abundant electrochemical active sites for improving capacitive and catalytic performance. The work demonstrates the advantage of optimal incorporation of CN in imparting N functionalities while retaining high surface area and porosity for improved energy storage and oxygen reduction reaction performance.

Single crystals of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol are synthesized through the traditional slow evaporation method at ambient temperature. Optical microscopy reveals nucleation, while powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the crystalline structure. The optical properties are evaluated through UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, and surface morphology is analyzed using etching and SEM techniques. The low dielectric constant and minimal loss values at high frequencies suggest the suitability of TNP for electro-optical applications. Photoconductivity studies indicate a positive photoconductive response in the grown crystal. Materials with moderate band gaps ( similar to 2.7-3.5 eV) exhibited enhanced nonlinear absorption coefficients and lower optical limiting thresholds (OLT), reflecting superior optical limiting efficiency arising from near-resonant excited-state absorption, whereas wider band gap materials ( > 4.5 eV) showed weaker nonlinear responses dominated by less efficient two-photon absorption processes. The nonlinearity coefficient (beta), measured via the OA Z-scan technique, is evaluated to be 0.7 x 10-11 m/W, attributed to two-photon absorption. Furthermore, with a fluence threshold of 6.21 x 1012 W/m2, the crystal demonstrates strong optical limiting behavior, making it a promising material for optical limiting applications.

Background Graphene, a carbon-derived material, exhibits exceptional properties. Using a bottom-up liquid-phase method, researchers synthesized a graphene nanoribbon with cove edges. Recent progress further enabled the creation of the largest fully fused open-shell nanographene, a butterfly-shaped tetraradical formed on an Au(111) surface through the interplay of topological frustration and electron-electron interactions. Topological indices constitute rigorous mathematical descriptors that encapsulate the structural and chemical characteristics of molecular systems. Methods This study aimed to develop precise topological formulations for nanographene butterfly structure using graph-theoretical structural measures. A comprehensive correlation analysis has been performed to elucidate the relationship between the computed π -electron energy and the associated distance-based topological indices. Results The precise topological formulations and corresponding entropy measures have been established for the nanographene butterfly structure of dimension ω , employing graph-theoretical structural parameters as the fundamental analytical framework. Conclusions The application of these topological indices provides a comprehensive structural analysis of the nanographene butterfly structure, thereby enhancing our understanding of its underlying geometric and energetic characteristics.

A semi-organic single crystal of 4-methoxybenzylammonium nitrate (4MBAN) was successfully grown by the solvent evaporation technique at room temperature, highlighting its potential significance in nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. The third-order NLO properties were experimentally evaluated using the Z-scan technique at 532 nm, revealing reverse saturable absorption, self-defocusing behavior, and an optical limiting threshold of 1.82 kJ/cm2. Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G level were employed to optimize the molecular structure and determine key NLO parameters, including dipole moment, polarizability, and first- and second-order hyperpolarizabilities. A comparative analysis with urea shows that the static second hyperpolarizability of 4MBAN is 2.16 times higher, while the dynamic second hyperpolarizabilities corresponding to the electro-optic Kerr effect and electric-field-induced second harmonic generation are enhanced by 2.34 and 8.36 times, respectively. Furthermore, topological analyses, such as the Laplacian of the electron density (LED), and quantum molecular descriptors, including the average localized ionization energy (ALIE) and the local information entropy (LIE), were performed to identify reactive sites within the molecule. The combined experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that 4MBAN is a promising candidate for low-power optical limiting applications.