Blagoveschensk State Pedagogical University (BSPU) is located in Blagoveschensk, the administrative center of the Amur Oblast. The city of Blagoveschensk was founded in 1856 and is one of the most important administrative, cultural, scientific, and industrial centers of the Russian Far East region; with more than 220,000 inhabitants. Blagoveschensk is often called “The Gate to China” for its unique location on the border with China. The Chinese city Heihe is located directly across the river Amur, and many Chinese companies work in the Amur region in the timber industry, agriculture, construction, and tourism.
The article examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT on teaching writing in foreign language education. While offering benefits such as personalized feedback and content generation, AI poses significant challenges to academic integrity, student autonomy, and the development of critical thinking skills. The study analyzes the rise of AI-plagiarism and the potential devaluation of writing as a cognitive skill. Arguing against prohibition, it advocates for the controlled and ethical integration of AI into the curriculum. Methodological recommendations are provided, including the revision of assessment formats and the promotion of process-oriented writing.
Background and Objectives: Composite systems based on molecular ferroelectrics and metallic inclusions attract considerable attention due to the possibility of controlled modification of phase transition parameters and dielectric response. In contrast to extensively studied inorganic ferroelectric–metal composites, the influence of metallic microparticles on organic ferroelectrics remains insufficiently explored. Diisopropylammonium bromide is a promising organic ferroelectric characterized by a first-order phase transition and a relatively high spontaneous polarization. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of 2 vol.% copper microparticles on the dielectric and thermal properties, Curie temperature, and phase transition behavior of diisopropylammonium bromide-based composites. Materials and Methods: Composite samples were prepared by mechanical mixing of diisopropylammonium bromide powder with Cu microparticles (≈1 μm) followed by pressing into pellets. Morphology and elemental distribution were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Dielectric permittivity was measured in the temperature range 30–170°C. Phase transitions were analyzed using differential thermal analysis. Results: Pure diisopropylammonium bromide exhibits a first-order ferroelectric–paraelectric transition at 426 K with thermal hysteresis. In the composite, a pronounced decrease in the Curie temperature and splitting of the phase transition into two peaks (≈120 and 133°C) have been observed. The splitting is attributed to microstructural heterogeneity and the formation of diisopropylammonium bromide regions with different interfacial boundary conditions in contact with Cu particles. Conclusion: Copper microparticles significantly modify the thermodynamic potential of the ferroelectric matrix due to interfacial screening and surface energy contributions. The observed reduction and splitting of the phase transition are consistent with the Landau–Ginzburg.
This article examines the mechanisms by which the political image of the Qing Empire was shaped in Western diplomatic and media discourses of the late 19th century through the lens of the figure of the dignitary and diplomat Li Hongzhang. The study's relevance stems from the need to understand how Western diplomats, journalists, and analysts interpreted Li as both a representative of the values of Chinese statehood and an indicator of the potential for modernization. The analysis focuses on diplomatic dispatches, English-language and European press publications, interviews with Li, and memoirs that record assessments of his political, economic, and cultural pronouncements. The article draws on a comparative analysis of sources and an interpretive approach to personality as a symbolic sign ИСТОРИЯ 29 of international discourse. The study's findings demonstrate that Western contemporaries perceived the dignitary as a complex, multi-layered figure: from a pragmatic diplomat and economist to a symbol of cultural adaptation and diplomatic mediation-reflecting the broader expectations, fears, and interests of Western powers toward China on the eve of the 20th century
Hydroxystibonium complex [(2,6-(OMe)2C6H3)3SbOH]I (I) was obtained by recrystallization of the product of iodination of tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)stibine from wet pyridine. The reaction of benzene solutions of tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)antimony dibromide and silver perchlorate followed by recrystallization from ethanol afforded complex [(2,6-(OMe)2C6H3)3SbOH]ClO4·0.5EtOH (II) with a similar antimony organic cation. Comparative characterization of the compounds was carried out using IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. According to X-ray diffraction data (CCDC nos. 2 556 559 (I), 2 556 560 (II)), the tetrahedral [(2,6-(OMe)2C6H3)3SbOH]+ cations of the compounds have a structural similarity. The OSbC bond angles are 101.8(1)°–112.1(1)° (I), 98.3(1)°–110.6(1)°, 97.1(1)°–110.3(1)° (II); the CSbC angles are 104.8(1)°–115.1(1)° (I), 108.2(1)°–114.7(1)°, 105.3(1)°–118.2(1)° (II). The Sb–O and Sb–C interatomic distances are 1.910(3) Å (I), 1.914(3), 1.918(3) Å (II); and 2.073(3)–2.080(3) Å (I), 2.074(4)–2.089(3), 2.072(4)–2.083(4) Å (II).
This article examines the risks of digitalizing the lending process in a commercial bank as a combination of credit, operational, model, legal, cyber, and reputational threats arising from the automation of borrower identification, scoring, decisionmaking, and loan debt monitoring. A rationale is provided for the transition from fragmented control of digital services to an integrated risk-based management system, including algorithm validation, scenario-based model testing, data quality control, and expected loss assessment. It is shown that digitalization reduces transaction costs and accelerates lending, but increases dependence on the stability of the inf ormation infrastructure.
