Much of the Ganges’ coastal region remains fallow during the dry (Rabi) season due to the unavailability of freshwater, soil and water salinity, and inadequately tested irrigation strategies. Therefore, the aims of this research were: (i) to assess the effectiveness of irrigation with brackish water for crop yield, water use, and water productivity (WP), (ii) to analyze how irrigation affects soil solute potential (SP) during the growing season and its implications for crop growth. Two field experiments tested four irrigation treatments (T1-one irrigation at crown root initiation (CRI) stage, T2-two irrigations at CRI and booting, T3-two irrigations at CRI and grain development, T4-three irrigations at CRI, booting, and grain development) with three replications on wheat and barley in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 in two locations (Dacope and Amtali) in the coastal region of the Ganges delta. The brackish water (≤ 4 dSm-1) irrigation had a significant effect on wheat and barley yields. When irrigation water was provided at later growth phases of wheat, treatment T4 produced highest yield of 2.5 tha− 1 at Amtali and 1.7 tha− 1 at Dacope. In both locations, barley grain yield significantly increased with each additional irrigation. WP of wheat and barley under different irrigation regimes varied with an average of 0.9 and 1.5 kgm− 3 at Dacope and 1.5 and 1 kgm− 3 at Amtali, and 1.1 and 1.6 kgm− 3 at Dacope and 1.6 and 1 kgm− 3 at Amtali in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Irrigation had significant effect on WP, and increased SP as well as yield in both locations and years. SP rose as soil dryness decreased and vice versa. In February-March SP was significantly lower in the upper soil depths. Two or three irrigations with brackish water may be useful for increasing cropping intensity and WP of wheat and barley with a little yield reduction in the Ganges delta.
A pot experiment on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) genotypes was conducted against NaCl salt stress at the research field of Plant Physiology Section, HRC, BARI, Gazipur for three consecutive years (2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19) to find out salt tolerant genotypes at vegetative stage. In 2016-17 eight genotypes (SO-0046, SO-0047, SO-0048, BD-4323, BD-4333, BD-4339, BD-1062 and BARI Palongshak-1) and in 2017-18 seven genotypes (SO-0047, SO-0048, BD-4323, BD-4333, BD-4339, BD-1062 and BARI Palongshak-1) were tested against four varying levels of salinity viz. control, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m in pot. In 2018-19, two selected genotypes viz. SO-0047, SO-0048 and BARI Palongshak-1 which performed best in the previous years were examined against control (tap water), 8 and 12 dS/m in pot. The genotypes showed significant variation in plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf width, SPAD value, total dry matter/plant and leaf yield/pot. Among the genotypes, SO-0047 performed better at 8 and 12 dS/m in respect of all the characters studied followed by SO-0048. Therefore, it can be inferred that the genotype SO-0047 is relatively salt tolerant and can be recommended as a variety for cultivation in saline area of Bangladesh and SO-0048 might be used for breeding purpose to develop salt tolerant variety of spinach. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 49(2): 125-143, June 2024
Introduction and Objective: Irisin is a hormone secreted by skeletal muscle following physical activity or exposure to excess saturated fatty acids, promoting energy expenditure and insulin secretion. Circulating irisin levels are reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), while exogenous irisin administration improves glycemic control in diabetic mice. Interestingly, irisin and GLP-1 share pleiotropic effects and activate similar intracellular pathways at both pancreatic and extra-pancreatic sites. This study investigated whether GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1RAs) influence irisin release from skeletal muscle. Methods: 190 T2D patients were stratified by anti-diabetes therapy: diet; metformin (met); met + GLP-1RAs; met + DPP-4 inhibitors; met + SGLT2 inhibitors; other therapies. 36 sex- and BMI-matched normoglycemic individuals (ND) served as controls. In addition, human skeletal muscle cells (hSkMCs) were treated with semaglutide (1-100 nM) for 24 h to assess its ability to induce irisin secretion. Irisin levels in serum and culture media were measured by ELISA. Intracellular signalling was evaluated in hSkMCs treated with semaglutide (50 nM, 24 h) using a Proteome Profiler™ Array, with key findings confirmed by immunoblotting. Signaling activation and irisin release were also analyzed in the presence of 5 µM PKA inhibitor (H89). Results: T2D patients showed lower irisin levels than controls, whereas patients receiving met + GLP-1RAs exhibited higher irisin levels, reaching values observed in ND subjects. In hSkMCs in vitro, semaglutide induced CREB phosphorylation, whereas inhibition of PKA activation with H89 significantly reduced semaglutide-induced CREB activation and irisin secretion. Conclusion: GLP-1RA treatment increases circulating irisin in T2D. In vitro studies indicate that GLP-1R activation can directly reprogram skeletal muscle cell metabolism through PKA/CREB-dependent signaling, enhancing irisin secretion. This supports the hypothesis that irisin contributes to the metabolic effects of GLP-1RAs. Disclosure V. Galasso: None. N. Marrano: None. G. Biondi: None. M. Rella: None. G. Galluzzi: None. A. Cignarelli: Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Lilly, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. S. Perrini: None. L. Laviola: Speaker's Bureau; Ended; A. Menarini Diagnostics, Abbott. Advisory Panel; Ended; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Current; Medtronic. Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Medtronic. Advisory Panel; Ended; Novo Nordisk. Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Novo Nordisk. Advisory Panel; Ended; PIKDARE S.p.A., Roche Diabetes Care, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi. F. Giorgino: Advisory Panel; Current; Abbott. Consultant; Current; Lilly, Novo Nordisk. Advisory Panel; Current; AstraZeneca, Medtronic. Research Support; Current; Roche Diabetes Care. Advisory Panel; Current; LifeScan, Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Ended; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Advisory Panel; Current; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. A. Natalicchio: Speaker's Bureau; Ended; AstraZeneca, Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH.
BACKGROUND:The new ready-to-use botulinum toxins effectively treat lateral canthal lines; there is still little data on their efficacy in treating glabellar lines. The combined treatment of lateral canthal and glabellar lines allows the eyebrow to be repositioned. AIMS:To show the onset and action of RelabotulinumtoxinA on the periocular area, by measuring the variations of the area under the eyebrow in a real-life setting. PATIENTS/METHODS:In this real-life, multi-center case series, 36 patients (30 women, 6 men), aged 30-62 years, were treated with RelabotulinumtoxinA in glabellar and lateral canthal areas; patients were treated on day 0 (T0) and followed until day 30. Photos taken at T0 and at all follow-up time points were compared in calculating the median of the palpebral surface. RESULTS:All patients responded to the treatment. Most of RelabotulinumtoxinA's effect on eyebrow position (76.25%) was seen within day 2, peaking in the first 24 h. The variation rate sharply declines by day 7. Patients showed a median increase in the exposed eyelid area of +11.91% compared to T0. CONCLUSIONS:In the real-world setting, RelabotulinumtoxinA showed efficacy in treating GLs and LCLs. In the post-intervention phases (follow-up and potential touch-ups), the fast onset of the ready-to-use product can save time. The palpebral area measurement technique, which was selected to assess objectively the response, may allow for a higher level of precision than measuring distances in the periocular range and can be helpful in this type of study.
Introduction and Objective: The efficacy and safety of the daily oral, non-peptide GLP-1RA orforglipron (OFG) were assessed as add-on to insulin glargine with/without metformin and/or SGLT-2 inhibitors in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (ACHIEVE-5; NCT06109311). Methods: In this 40-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study, participants with T2D and inadequate glycemic control were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive daily OFG (3, 12, or 36 mg) or placebo (PBO). The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 40 (superiority for 12 and/or 36 mg). Results are presented for the efficacy estimand. Results: 546 participants (age 60.2 years; T2D duration 15.0 years; HbA1c 8.5% [69.4 mmol/mol]; BMI 30.8 kg/m2) were randomized. At week 40, all OFG doses were superior to PBO in the primary and all key secondary endpoints (all p <0.001). Mean HbA1c decreased by 1.54 to 2.05% in the OFG groups vs 0.77% with PBO. Bodyweight change ranged from -2.7% to -6.1% with OFG vs 0.6% with PBO. The most frequent adverse events were gastrointestinal and occurred mostly during escalation. Rates of Level 2 hypoglycemia were similar between OFG and PBO. Severe hypoglycemia was reported by 2 participants in the OFG 12 mg group and 1 participant in the OFG 36 mg group. Conclusion: OFG added to titrated basal insulin improved glycemic control and reduced bodyweight without increasing hypoglycemia risk in patients with long-standing T2D. Disclosure F. Giorgino: Advisory Panel; Current; Abbott. Consultant; Current; Lilly, Novo Nordisk. Advisory Panel; Current; AstraZeneca, Medtronic. Research Support; Current; Roche Diabetes Care. Advisory Panel; Current; LifeScan, Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Ended; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Advisory Panel; Current; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. S. Dsouza: Consultant; Current; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Eli Lilly and Company. Consultant; Current; Novo Nordisk. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Novo Nordisk. Consultant; Current; Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. L. Ludwig: Employee; Current; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Current; Eli Lilly and Company. A. Kiyosue: None. S.M. Ibriga: Employee; Current; Eli Lilly and Company. H. Rha: Employee; Current; Eli Lilly and Company. R. Liu: None. M. Denning: Employee; Current; Eli Lilly and Company. J. Tobian: Employee; Current; Eli Lilly and Company. Funding Eli Lilly and Company (NCT06109311)
