We present a strongly coupled displacement (u) and pore water pressure (p(w)) version of the Biot-Zienkiewicz (u-p(w)) equations in saturated porous media for the meshfree Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. We propose two distinct formulations using a single particle layer, two-phase framework, one based on a one-step solution of a pressure Poisson equation (PPE formulation) and another allowing compressibility of the fluid resulting in an explicit rate equation for the pore pressure (PR formulation). We discuss both formulations from a numerical perspective and verify them using benchmark problems from poroelasticity, including Cryer's problem, as well as using undrained triaxial tests, where we additionally compare the results against a weakly coupled penalty-based undrained framework for SPH. Beyond the formulations, the focus of this work is on modeling retrogressive landslides in saturated sensitive clays, which are particularly destructive due to their extended runout and fast movement. Our simulations emphasize performing strongly coupled hydromechanical modeling even for quasi-undrained conditions, contrary to the predominant practices in the literature, as the structural features of the landslides change significantly when pore pressure dissipation and coupled effects are included. Additionally, spreads develop under a greater variety of slope conditions as opposed to the more fluidized flowslide type of retrogressive landslides captured when solely considering undrained behavior. Lastly, we apply the PR formulation to explore how slope steepness and height influence deformation modes and apply the framework to simulate the 1994 Sainte-Monique landslide, recreating the topographic profile, runout, and deformation features post-failure.
Drawing on an in-depth field study of low-income Muslim households in Turkey, this research theorizes poverty as a cultural enactment rather than a purely economic state. Our findings show that consumers mobilize religious and moral frameworks to interpret, relationally evaluate, and materially manage deprivation in ways that render hardship emotionally sustainable and socially dignified. Through moral enactments (e.g. divine testing, gratitude, prohibitions against waste), relational enactments (e.g. moralized social comparison and recalibrated needs), and embodied enactments (e.g. thrift, repair, reciprocity, and stewardship), participants transform objective scarcity into lived sufficiency and moral coherence. These culturally grounded processes reveal how poverty becomes meaningful, virtuous, and socially validated, challenging deficit-based assumptions that low-income consumers uniformly experience deprivation as psychologically damaging. By conceptualizing poverty as a culturally enacted moral order, this study offers a new framework for understanding how consumers sustain dignity, agency, and emotional resilience under structural constraint.
Research has examined bilingual teachers' work and their experiences through the theoretical lens of teacher advocacy, teacher agency, and teacher leadership. This research synthesis analyzes the current research on the three frameworks in bilingual education and examines how they intersect. Bilingual teachers advocated for educational change to address the needs of emergent bilinguals. Despite various context-specific constraints, bilingual teachers agentively created bilingual spaces for linguistically diverse students. Furthermore, bilingual teachers actively took up leadership roles, demonstrated increased consciousness, and developed leadership identities. Through this exploration, this paper proposes a model that integrates the three frameworks for bilingual teacher education and professional development.
Packed bed heating was studied with an experimental setup that allowed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of fluorinated pore-fluid velocity and the melting of eicosane wax bound in the bed particles. The bed particles were 3.5 mm in diameter and composed of micro-scale core–shell particles mixed with a binding agent where the core of the micro-scale particles was eicosane. The phase-change of the particle-bound wax provides a directly identifiable change in MRI signal due to T2 changes from the solid to liquid phase. A methodology to compare experimental results to numerical results compiled in a commercial computational fluid dynamic (CFD) package is presented. The numerical beds were generated using discrete element modelling (DEM) methods with similar tube-to-particle-diameter ratio. The results showed similar rates of energy absorbed to the contained wax as measured by total NMR signal, but local melt distribution was different. This difference is evidenced in T2 weighted MRI images and tracking of the height to which the bed-wax has fully melted.
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand how managers in for-profit organizations frame and develop their social responsibility in their leadership roles, particularly in relation to societal grand challenges (GCs).Design/methodology/approachTaking a life- and career-span developmental perspective, in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 for-profit managers at various stages of their careers were used to generate narratives of responsible leadership (RL) development.FindingsBusiness leaders tend to frame their RL in strategist mindset terms. There is evidence of psychological distance from issues of social responsibility in general and the GCs in particular. This was related to a compartmentalized sense of self, which itself developed through organizational socialization.Originality/valueThis study extends our understanding of the micro-foundations of RL by clarifying a potential link between a compartmentalized or integrated sense of self and the leader's psychological distance from the GCs.
