We report an experimental characterization of the morphological, electro-conductive, and dielectric properties of relatively thin films (up to 70 μm in thickness) of ion-conducting polymer/liquid-crystals (LCs) nanocomposite electrolytes. The films were produced from the polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), the nematic LCs pentyl-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), the ion donor sodium metaperiodate (NaIO4), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as nanoparticle additives. The compositional ratio of PEO/5CB/NaIO4 was 66.6/28.6/4.75 (w/w/w), while SWCNTs were incorporated at concentrations of 0.02; 0.12; and 0.24 wt.
Rising environmental pollution poses a significant threat to bat populations worldwide, raising serious ecological and conservation concerns. Here, we present the first assessment of cytogenotoxic stress responses in cave-dwelling insectivorous bats from the karst island of Cat Ba in northern Vietnam, in relation to anthropogenic pollution. The study aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to heavy metals (HMs) and DNA damage, as well as blood alterations in bats, using minimally -invasive biomarkers. We applied an integrated approach combining three indicators: HM accumulation in guano (a hallmark of exposure), micronucleus (MN) frequency (a measure of genotoxicity), and the polychromatic-to-normochromatic erythrocyte (PCEs/NCES) ratio (a measure of cytotoxicity). Guano-derived cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels correlated strongly with genotoxic markers, confirming guano as a reliable indicator of HM contamination at the population level. Species- and site- specific cytogenotoxic responses to HM stress were manifested through the formation of MNs and the reduction of the PCEs/NCEs ratio, signifying the presence of DNA damage, suppression of bone marrow activity, and disruption of erythropoiesis. Combining guano chemistry with cytogenotoxic biomarkers provides a sensitive and non-invasive tool for monitoring environmental stress in bat populations in karst ecosystems.
This research explores the feasibility of utilizing secondary raw materials for the production of glass and glass–ceramic materials, contributing to sustainable waste management and resource efficiency. Fly ash from thermal power plants, glass container cullet, and sugar beet factory lime (SBFL) were repurposed as alternative raw materials that would otherwise be disposed of in landfills. By incorporating these waste-derived materials, the study aims to develop environmentally friendly glassy products while reducing the reliance on conventional raw materials. The subsequent sinter-crystallization of these glasses enabled the formation of dense glass–ceramic materials with apparent porosity below 1
In recent months, large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in mathematical proof generation, but further advancement is hindered by the lack of a large-scale, high-quality dataset of human-evaluated proofs. While expensive to create, such a dataset is essential for driving improvements in training and addressing key open questions in the field of automated proof generation. Specifically, it remains unknown (1) how large the gap is between natural language and formal proof generation, (2) how final-answer accuracy relates to full proof correctness, and (3) how best-of-n selection strategies can affect proof quality. In this work, we present the Open Proof Corpus (OPC), a dataset comprising over 5,000 human-evaluated proofs produced by state-of-the-art LLMs. The OPC was specifically designed for broad applicability and downstream usage in proof generation research and is the first large dataset of LLM-generated solutions to problems from prestigious mathematics competitions such as the USAMO and IMO. Using the OPC, we address the open questions outlined above and provide new insights into LLMs' strengths and limitations in mathematical reasoning. Finally, to showcase the utility of the OPC, we finetune an 8B-parameter model on the dataset, obtaining a model that matches Gemini-2.5-Pro, and performs close to the best model, GPT-5, on evaluating proof correctness.
We study general rotational surfaces in the pseudo-Euclidean 4-dimensional space with neutral metric and describe the behavior of geometric objects, such as Killing vector fields (and in particular homothetic vector fields), divergence-free vector fields, co-closed and harmonic one-forms, and also harmonic functions. We classify geodesic and parallel vector fields, geodesic curves, concircular vector fields and concircular functions, and also concurrent vector fields and functions whose gradient is concurrent. Our results are new, as they have not been obtained in the Euclidean and Minkowski framework. The tools here are taken from both differential geometry and partial and ordinary differential equations.
