Camellia Institute of Technology, or (CIT), is a private engineering college located in Kolkata, India. It was founded in 2007 by "Camellia Educational and Manpower Development Trust". The institute is affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology and all courses are approved by AICTE..
The use of the oppositional crayfish optimization algorithm (OCOA) for the solution of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) incorporation and network reconfiguration (NR) with distributed generation (DG) and capacitors placement problems in a radial distribution network (RDN), where active power loss and annual energy loss cost minimization are the main objectives of the study. An improved version of the crayfish optimization algorithm (COA) is created by adding oppositional behaviour into the primary COA algorithm for the generation of an opposite primary population to find the optimal solution. Two test networks (33-bus and 69-bus) are used to examine the effectiveness of the proposed OCOA algorithm with three different scenarios and they are (i) EVCS with unity power factor (UPF) DG and capacitor placement, (ii) EVCS with optimal power factor (OPF) DG and capacitor placement, and (iii) EVCS inclusion and network reconfiguration with optimal power factor (OPF) DG and capacitor placement. The OCOA method allows improvements of 81.45
In this study, lithium-doped glass nanocomposite systems with compositions xLi₂O-(0.30-x)TiO₂-0.35ZnO–0.35P₂O₅ (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) have been synthesized using melt quenching technique. The XRD pattern is used to examine the amorphous nature of the samples. FESEM imaging confirms smooth amorphous morphology with embedded nanoparticles, supporting the partial crystallinity observed in XRD patterns. The DSC study demonstrates the improved thermal stability of the glass samples. The optical properties showed a reduction in optical bandgap (from 3.38–2.68 eV) and an increase in the Urbach energy (from 0.36–0.48 eV), indicating higher structural disorder. The refractive index as well as third-order susceptibility also increase with an increase in Li2O content. Dielectric and electrical studies demonstrate frequency-dependent dielectric relaxation behavior, analyzed using the Havriliak-Negami model. The dielectric constant exhibited a declining trend with frequency due to the inability of Li⁺ ions to realign with rapidly alternating fields. DC conductivity increases with Li₂O content, indicating enhanced ionic mobility. The relaxation activation energy decreases from 0.815 eV to 0.372 eV, confirming the weakening of the glass network's rigidity and the formation of additional conduction pathways. Impedance spectroscopy analysis shows reduced bulk resistance with increasing Li₂O content, validating improved charge carrier dynamics. The entropy analysis reveals an increasing trend with Li₂O content, signifying enhanced ionic mobility and structural modifications. Equivalent circuit modelling suggests a shift in charge transport mechanisms with increasing lithium concentration. These results demonstrate that the glass nanocomposite systems exhibit promising ionic-electronic conduction, making them viable candidates for energy storage applications.
High-concentration chlorine (Cl-2) gas is widely used in industries such as chemical processing, pharmaceuticals, electronics manufacturing, and gas treatment. Due to its highly reactive nature, it can also accelerate material degradation, leading to reduced equipment durability and increased maintenance costs. Understanding the corrosion behavior of different alloys in Cl-2 environments is crucial for enhancing process stability and extending equipment lifespan. This study analyzed corrosion behaviors of Co-Ni-Cr, Co- Cr-Ni, Fe-Cr-Ni, Cu, and Zn-Al-Cu alloys in high-concentration Cl-2 gas environments. Results revealed that Co-Ni-Cr and Co-Cr-Ni alloys exhibited superior corrosion resistance due to formation of stable Cr2O3 protective layers, whereas Fe-Cr-Ni alloys provided intermediate resistance. Cu and Zn-Al-Cu alloys showed varying corrosion behaviors depending on environmental factors such as humidity and oxide layer stability. These findings emphasize the critical role of alloy composition and protective oxide layers in reducing Cl-2-induced corrosion. By providing a comprehensive analysis of different alloy systems, this study provides insights into optimizing material selection for Cl-2 gas applications, contributing to improved industrial process stability and enhanced durability.
This study investigated corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel exposed to chlorine gas (Cl(2)gas) in dry and wet environments at room temperature. Experiments were conducted over 14 days using both electropolished and non-electropolished specimens to evaluate effects of surface treatment and environmental conditions on corrosion. The extent of corrosion was evaluated by measuring weight change and corrosion rate (mm/ year). Surface morphology, cross-section almorphology, and corrosion layer were analyzed using SEM/EDS mapping. The non-electropolished specimens formed a corrosion layer more than 7 mu m thick, composed of Fe, Cr, Cl, and O. Electropolished specimens maintained a pristine surface with no formation of a corrosion layer. Weight measurements indicated that non-electropolished specimens experienced a weight change of 5.44 mg/cm(2) in wet conditions, which was over four times higher than that observed in dry conditions. In contrast, electropolished specimens demonstrated exceptional corrosion resistance due to a stable Cr oxide layer, showing a minimal weight change of less than 0.01 mg/cm(2) regardless of moisture presence.
Drop-in fuels are renewable alternatives that can be integrated into an existing fuel infrastructure without modification. Among these, fuels synthesized from hydroprocessed renewable lipids have garnered significant attention owing to their compatibility with petroleum-based diesel. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of hydrodeoxygenated insect oil (HIO), derived from black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens; BSFL), as a renewable drop-in fuel for a diesel blend. The optimal growth conditions for BSFL were studied to maximize lipid production, and the extracted insect oil was subjected to hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) via catalytic reaction. The HIO was blended with commercial diesel at ratios of 5–30%, and its fuel properties were compared with commercial diesel. A detailed fuel property analysis was conducted for the 5% blend to evaluate its suitability as a diesel fuel. Characterization of the blended fuels’ physicochemical properties was carried out to assess the potential of insect-derived fuels for diesel applications.
