The Campbellford Memorial Hospital is an Ontario class C and class G 34-bed hospital in the community of Campbellford, municipality of Trent Hills, Northumberland County in central Ontario, Canada. It opened in 1953, is part of the Central East LHIN and is the largest employer in the community.
In this work, a fully integrated modular, highperformance neural interface system comprising a $32 C h$ Analog Front End (AFE) recorder and a multichannel biphasic current stimulator (PulseStim) is developed, for concurrent real-time electrocorticogram (ECoG) co-acquisition with commercial neural platforms. A custom-built passive parallel adapter enables corecording by splitting the signal from the ECoG electrodes array to both the developed system (DS) and the commercial setup (CS) [Intan RHD2132 Headstage + Open Ephys]. Validation was conducted with anesthetized mice, where a 32Ch NeuroNexus ECoG electrodes array was positioned over the bilateral sensorimotor cortex, and the left sciatic nerve was electrically stimulated $(500 \mu A-1000 \mu A; 100 \mu s-200 \mu s)$ via hook electrode using PulseStim to evoke reproducible cortical Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs). The developed system provides waveform level agreement with the commercial reference, yielding a correlation value (r) of 0.94 across 5 averaged stimulation trials, with a system noise floor of $1.69 \mu$ Vrms. The developed AFE demonstrates a passband max gain of 46dB, having -3dB bandwidth of $0.5 H z-524 H z$, and THD levels below $0.06 \%$ for input amplitudes $\gt3 \mu V$, establishing a low-noise, scalable solution for neural recordings.
Background: Bangladesh has an estimated 460,000 people living with dementia, projected to exceed 2.19 million by 2050. Since 1997, NINMAS has pioneered radionuclide neuroimaging — evolving from planar ⁹⁹ᵐTc-HMPAO scintigraphy to quantitative SPECT with the easy Z-score Imaging System (eZIS) and ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT — through successive IAEA Coordinated Research Projects. Objective: To document milestones and research contributions of radionuclide neuroimaging at NINMAS (1997–2025) across dementia, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE). Results: Over 460 patients underwent ⁹⁹ᵐTc-ECD SPECT with eZIS (2018–2025), reliably differentiating Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies by characteristic hypoperfusion patterns. ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT identified AD pattern in 60%, AD+FTD in 28%, and AD+DLB in 8%. SPECT in 24 children with ASD revealed bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal hypoperfusion correlating with symptom severity. In a randomised controlled trial (NPSLE; n=72), vitamin D₃ supplementation attenuated cerebral perfusion deterioration (Z-score: 1.66±0.65 vs controls 1.83±0.68) with significantly improved MMSE scores. Conclusion: NINMAS has established a robust neuroimaging platform producing original evidence across three neurological domains, affirming quantitative brain SPECT as a valid, sensitive, and clinically deployable tool for differential diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in a resource-constrained setting. Bangladesh J Medicine 2026; Vol. 37, No. 2(1) Supplementation: 205-206.
The present study aimed to examine the associations among depression, anxiety, and stress and compare these psychological outcomes between caregivers of individuals with ADHD and dementia. A quantitative, comparative cross-sectional correlational design was employed. The sample consisted of 192 caregivers, including 95 caregivers of individuals with ADHD and 97 caregivers of individuals with dementia. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Pearson correlation analysis and independent-samples t tests were used to examine associations among the study variables and differences between the caregiver groups. Among caregivers of individuals with ADHD, depression was positively associated with anxiety (r = .21, p < .05) and stress (r = .25, p < .01), while anxiety was strongly associated with stress (r = .96, p < .001). Similar positive associations were observed among caregivers of individuals with dementia, with depression associated with anxiety (r = .24, p < .01) and stress (r = .26, p < .01), and anxiety strongly associated with stress (r = .98, p < .001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in depression (p = .08), anxiety (p = .79), or stress (p = .72). Depression, anxiety, and stress were positively associated in both caregiver groups. The findings suggest comparable levels of these psychological difficulties among caregivers of individuals with ADHD and dementia. Psychological support and caregiver-focused interventions may help address their emotional needs.
Background: The urinary bladder is a common site of malignancy in the urinary tract and one of the most frequent forms in the world. Early diagnosis is crucial to early treatment and better prognosis. Cystoscopy and histopathological examination is the gold standard, but non-invasive ultrasonography is used as the first-line diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound to histopathology for the diagnosis of carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the detection of urinary bladder cancer, using histology as the gold standard. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional validation study that was carried out at Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Rawalpindi from February 2026 to May 2026. The patients were sixty in number who were selected by non-probability consecutive sampling, aged 20-80 years with clinical suspicion of urinary bladder carcinoma. All patients had a transabdominal ultrasound, and then cystoscopy and biopsy or TURBT. The reference histopathological criteria were the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity, PPV and NPV and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound were determined by using a 2x2 contingency table. Results: Ultrasonography had high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of urinary bladder carcinoma, and a high correlation with the histopathological diagnosis. The diagnostic performance measures were similar to those of previous studies. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a non-invasive, reliable and inexpensive technique suitable for the initial evaluation of suspected urinary bladder carcinoma, and is useful for diagnosing the disease at an early stage and making timely referral for definitive management.
