Adolescence is a critical developmental stage in which the risk of mental health problems peaks. Passive smartphone sensing offers valuable opportunities for moment-to-moment assessment of such risk. The amount of research is growing steadily, but a quantitative synthesis of the literature is lacking. Therefore, this meta-analysis evaluated the association between passive smartphone data (e.g. GPS, call logs and notifications) and adolescents’ (12–24 years) mental health outcomes across 45 independent samples ( N = 2939). Findings revealed a small but significant overall effect ( r = .12). Most passive data correlated with mental health outcomes, except the number of contacts, while linguistic markers showed a significant negative correlation. Associations were not moderated by study design features or type of outcome, but were significantly stronger in non-student than in student samples. These results highlight passive smartphone sensing as a promising tool for assessing precursors of adolescent’ mental health and provide guidance for future research.
Introduction. The microbial biodiversity of the respiratory tract in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) in various subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) has not yet been sufficiently described. In the NCFD children with CF were previously shown to have specific clinical manifestations of the disease and changes in the frequencies of pathogenic variants of the CFTR gene. In this regard, the topic of the work is relevant. The aim of the study. To detect changes in the microbiota composition of the respiratory tract in CF children in various subjects of the NCFD. Materials and methods. There were examined one hundred 48 CF children, who underwent a study of the microbiota of the respiratory tract. The patients were divided into 2 groups: by subject (children of the Chechen, Karachay-Cherkess, Ingush, Kabardino-Balkarian, North Ossetia — Alania and Dagestan Republics) and by age (1 — infants under 12 months, 2 — 1–3 years, 3 — 3–7 years, 4 — 7–17 years). Results. For the first time, changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the respiratory tract microbiota in CF children in various subjects of the NCFD are presented. The quantitative composition of the microbiota of the respiratory tract of CF patients is represented by 45 species of bacteria and mold from the department of ascomycetes. Gram-negative microorganisms (86.3%) occupied a significant place in the composition of the microbiota of the respiratory tract in CF patients. The proportion of Gram-positive bacteria was 13.6%. The leading microbiota in the respiratory tract in CF patients in various subjects of the NCFD were: P. aeruginosa (68.9%), S. aureus (66.8%), of which 37.1% are MRSA, H. influenzae (51.3%), Moraxella catarrhalis and K. pneumoniae (30.4%), respectively. The biodiversity of the microbiota of the respiratory tract in CF children in various subjects of the NCFD differs from other regions of the Russian Federation in the high content of P. aeruginosa and H. influenzae, they are not characterized by the isolation of Achromobacter xylosoxidans. For the first time, a unique frequency distribution of the CFTR gene alleles was revealed in children with CF in various subjects of the NCFD. The most common pathogenic variants of the CFTR gene among all subjects of the NCFD were p.Y515 (150 alleles/51.9%), p.W1282 (48 alleles/16.6%), and p.E92K (26 alleles/8.9%). While the share of these pathogenic variants in the Russian Federation was 2.48%, 1.73%, and 3.67%, respectively. Conclusion. The established patterns of biodiversity of the microbiota of the respiratory tract in CF children are necessary to optimize their treatment and prevent exacerbations of the disease. Given the high content of hemophilic bacillus in the microbiota in CF children, special attention should be paid to vaccination of children against hemophilic infection type B
Introduction. Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a disease that progresses as a child grows, which leads to severe deformities of the skeleton. In 30–60% of MHE cases, the bones of the forearms are affected with the development of radius deformity. In addition to resection of bone and cartilage formations, surgical treatment may include various types of osteotomies using submersible metal fixators and external fixation devices. The development of guided-growth technology dictates the need to expand the scope of minimally invasive surgery. The possibilities of using this technology for deformities of the upper extremities have not yet been sufficiently studied. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the method of controlled bone growth in the surgical treatment of ulnar deformity against the background of multiple hereditary exostoses. Materials and methods. In the period from 2021–2024, thirty three 5 to 17 years children (55 segments/forearms) were hospitalized at the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health. The study group consisted of 13 children (15 segments) diagnosed with: Distal radius deformiry on the background of multiple hereditary exostoses. A control group of 20 (40 segments) children were diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Patients from the study group underwent surgical treatment of radius deformity using temporary arrest of the growth zone (hemiepiphysiodesis) of the radius. All the studied patients were assessed the angle of the ulnar tilt (UT) and of the lunate subsidence (LS) on X-rays of the forearm in direct projection, patients from the study group were radiographed in the preoperative period and 12–20 months after surgery. The statistical analysis of the studied parameters is based on the search for statistical differences in groups and was performed in the Stattech program. Results. The preoperative value of the elbow angle UT was 35° (33.40), after surgical treatment, UT was 27° (24.32) at p = 0.0002. The value of the LS before surgery was 8.73 ± 3.33 mm, after surgical correction LS was 7.48 ± 3.36 mm at p = 0.005. The achieved level of correction of UT and LS in the study group did not statistically differ from that of the control group, which indicates that the target values were achieved. The average angle of correction of the UT parameter was 8°/year, the trend in postoperative LS values was 1.25 mm/year. Conclusion. The technology of guided-growth effectively corrects the axis of the radius deformity in MHE children during growth. The timely application of this technology makes it possible to prevent the development of severe deformity of the radius and to abandon the performance of corrective osteotomies in the future
