The Centre for Policy Studies (CPS) is a think tank and pressure group in the United Kingdom. Its goal is to promote coherent and practical policies based on its founding principles of: free markets, "small state," low tax, national independence, self determination and responsibility. While being independent, the centre has historical links to the Conservative Party.It was co-founded by Sir Keith Joseph, Alfred Sherman and Margaret Thatcherin 1974 to challenge the post war consensus of Keynesianism, and to champion economic liberalism in Britain. With this in mind Keith Joseph originally wanted the think tank to study the social market economy, naming it the 'Ludwig Erhard Foundation' and 'Institute for a social market economy' until it was eventually settled on the benign 'Centre for Policy Studies'.The centre has since played a global role in the dissemination of free market economics alongside policy proposals claimed to be on the basis of responsibility and individual choice. It also asserts that it prioritises the concepts of duty, family, liberty, and the rule of law. The CPS states that it has a goal of serving as "the champion of the small state.
Indian texts of astronomy and mathematics use systems of numeration where words or sequences of syllables are used to denote pure numbers or values of astronomical quantities such as the longitude etc. Three such systems, namely the bhūta-saṅkhyā system, the Āryabhaṭīya system and the kaṭapayādi system, are well known and have been widely discussed in the literature. In this article, we shall discuss a novel and ingenious vowel (uyirêḻuttu in Tamil, svara in Sanskrit) based system of numeration which has been used in the late 12th or 13th century Tamil astronomy text, Cūḍāmaṇi Uḷḷamuḍaiyān, of Tirukkoṭṭiyūr Nambi. We show that using this numeration system, Cūḍāmaṇi Uḷḷamuḍaiyān presents what is perhaps the earliest available account of the vākya system for computing the longitude of the moon. We also indicate how the same system has been employed in later Tamil texts of astronomy and in the formulation of the 248 Candravākyas in Tamil, which are referred to as the Pañcāṅgavākyas.
Historically, Indian Knowledge, has been classified into Aṣṭādaśa-vidyāsthānas (अष्टादशविद्यास्थान), eighteen abodes of knowledge. This classification scheme assigns an appropriate place for all components of Indian knowledge in a consistent system. In modern libraries, based mainly on the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), there is no natural place for the corpus of Indian Knowledge (IK), and different components of IK get split over widely separate diverse classes. In this article, we describe India’s traditional classification of knowledge and propose a national modification of the DDC to incorporate the former. The proposed scheme shall ensure that the diverse corpora of IK are compactly brought together in Indian libraries. This shall help the students and scholars appreciate the breadth and depth of IK and also the interconnectedness of its different components. It is impossible to understand the history of any element of IK, including Indian Sciences and Technologies, without comprehending the interconnectedness of the entire corpus.
Digital marketing can be defined as the process of promoting of brands using digital distribution channels comprising internet, mobile and other interactive channels. Customers have become researches through convenient access to the internet; users are now much more educated and motivated. Marketing paradigm has undergone a sea change over the past decade. In recent years, Marketers seen a drastically change in the digital marketing growth due to the economic shifts, which in turn leads to change in consumer buying behaviour. The internet has a profound impact on various industries but very few industries have witnessed a metamorphosis like marketing. The changing preference of the consumer present day affects the buying pattern because they mostly follow the rhythm of fashion and taste according to the changing time. It is very important to know the psychology of the consumers in the dynamic environment. Ever changing buying behaviour of the consumers in the digitalized world should be understood properly to make the business sustainable. In this research, we sought to analyze how digital marketing and social media influences the purchase decision of consumers.
Technological advancements in information and communications technologies and related hardware and software have positively transformed the political, military, economic and social domains in all countries around the globe. These technologies are imperfect, and States and state-sponsored threat actors are exploiting flaws in hardware and software for various types of attacks. Furthermore, the same threat actors exploit software technologies to spread disinformation and disseminate false information to mislead public opinion. This research article reviews the discourse of the scientific community on disinformation. The purpose is to understand where the research focus lies and who the researchers are the co-authors, and the publication venues. This research article reviews the scientific literature using the computational literature review, a semi-automated review method and the structural topical modelling framework to understand trends in the research. Of 3 097 documents published in 1 700 publication venues between 1974 to 2022, 704 were analysed. The results reveal 46 topics on issues such as rumours and disinformation spread during the Covid-19 pandemic, Soviet and Russian Information Warfare, and Trolls and health-related themes and effects.
