Depression is a prevalent and complex condition that often requires approaches beyond single-model interventions. This study describes patterns of therapeutic change across five cases of Major Depressive Disorder treated with an integrative psychotherapy approach combining cognitive-behavioral, analytical, and existential principles. A retrospective clinical case series design was used, with data derived from psychotherapy records and analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis. Across cases, change followed a progressive and recursive pattern. Early stages involved improved cognitive regulation and behavioral engagement, followed by greater emotional responsiveness and reorganization of relational patterns. Symbolic processes, particularly through dreams and imagery, supported the integration of previously unarticulated experiences. In later stages, participants engaged in meaning reconstruction, reflecting increased autonomy and alignment with personal values. These findings suggest that psychotherapy may operate as a multi-level process and highlight the potential of integrative approaches in addressing the complexity of depression. This study shows that psychotherapy for depression may be more effective when organized progressively, beginning with cognitive and behavioral stabilization and moving toward deeper emotional and meaning-focused work. It highlights how integrating techniques across different levels of experience can support more sustained and meaningful change in clinical practice.
Trata-se de estudo destinado a proteção social, imprescindível para melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas, sendo um dos pilares de uma sociedade democraticamente forte. A garantia de realização de direitos sociais reverbera na qualidade da participação popular nos processos políticos, pois as pessoas deixam de se preocupar apenas com questões de mera sobrevivência e passam atuar efetivamente na tomada de decisões da sociedade. Embora a seguridade social demonstre relevância na ordem jurídica, o seu orçamento sofre ingerências que afetam a solvabilidade e robustez do sistema. O estudo destina-se a analisar a importância desse direito na formação de atores políticos de qualidade. A relevância está nas constantes propostas de maior austeridade no regramento de concessão de benefícios previdenciários e no neoliberalismo que pretende diminuir o tamanho do Estado, o que pode gerar menor cobertura social e diminuição dos índices de qualidade de vida da população, afetando sobremaneira a participação popular na política. Durante a pesquisa, foram analisados pensamentos de diversos juristas a respeito dessa relação entre direitos de seguridade e democracia e se o tratamento desfavorecido conferido a esses direitos reflete na arrecadação. Conclui-se que o direito à seguridade deve ser fortalecido, de forma que os representantes do povo compreendam a sua importância e passem a priorizá-lo para que o Estado possa crescer não só economicamente, mas também - e principalmente - em qualidade de vida, propiciando à população brasileira o exercício da democracia em maiores condições de igualdade e qualidade de vida.
Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) presents persistent clinical challenges, with high relapse rates and limited evidence guiding the integration of symptom-focused and meaning-oriented interventions. This article presents a prospective single-case experimental design (SCED) examining the application of the Integrated Psychotherapy Method (IPM), a phase-based integrative model grounded in Living Systems Theory, with a 43-year-old White Brazilian male with a 20-year history of cocaine use disorder. Treatment comprised a cognitive-behavioral symptom stabilization phase (B1) followed by a symbolic-existential integration phase (B2), with assessments at baseline, across both phases, and at 12-month follow-up. Quantitative outcomes were assessed using the ASSIST, OQ-45.2, and WHOQOL-BREF and analyzed through Reliable Change Index, Tau-U, and trend analyses. Idiographic qualitative data documented experiential and symbolic processes of change. Results indicated clinically reliable and sustained reductions in cocaine involvement and psychological distress, alongside meaningful improvements in quality of life maintained at follow-up. Qualitative analysis revealed a progression from behavioral regulation to identity reorganization and symbolic integration. The case illustrates how a structured, phase-oriented integrative psychotherapy can support durable change in CUD and offers translatable recommendations for clinicians and students.
O Ensino jurídico no Brasil foi alicerçado e consolidado no positivismo jurídico e tecnicismo acrítico, de modo que o papel do estudante consiste em ouvir e decorar as informações repassadas pelo professor aliado com a leitura exaustiva de códigos, jurisprudências e doutrina sem qualquer reflexo social ou problematização que estimulasse o posicionamento crítico dos futuros profissionais. Entretanto, as novas diretrizes curriculares nacionais, publicadas por meio da Resolução do Conselho Nacional de Educação nº 5, de 17 de dezembro de 2018, buscaram estabelecer novos parâmetros a serem implementados pelos Cursos de Direito, mudando a perspectiva do ensino bancário e buscando a implementação de novos instrumentos pedagógicos (como as metodologias ativas), inserção de conteúdos transversais e a busca na formação humanizada dos profissionais fomentando a resolução consensual de controvérsias e a cultura de paz. Todas essas diretrizes refletem a preocupação com o ensino de qualidade e alicerçado na prática do Direito a partir da realidade social. Nesse contexto refletimos sobre a visão pós critica na formação dos futuros operadores do Direito no Brasil.
This study examined the effectiveness of the Integrated Psychotherapy Method (IPM) in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using a retrospective multiple-case Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED). Five adults with moderate-to-severe depression completed standardized outcome measures reconstructed across three phases: baseline (A), initial intervention (B1), and consolidation (B2). Depressive symptoms (BDI-II), psychological distress (OQ-45.2), and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) were analyzed using Reliable Change Index (RCI), Tau-U effect sizes, percentage change, and confidence intervals. Qualitative idiographic analysis explored subjective and symbolic dimensions of change. Across cases, clinically meaningful reductions in depressive symptoms and psychological distress were observed, alongside improvements in psychological and social quality-of-life domains. RCI and Tau-U analyses indicated reliable and moderate-to-large treatment effects in most participants. Qualitative findings revealed a consistent pattern of change involving restoration of cognitive regulation, reconnection with emotional and relational life, emergence of symbolic meaning, and existential reintegration. Improvements at symptom and functional levels were accompanied by progressive reorganization of identity and autonomy. Findings provide preliminary evidence supporting IPM as a structured, process-oriented integrative approach for MDD, facilitating recursive psychological reorganization beyond symptom reduction. Although limited by its retrospective design and small sample, this study contributes idiographic evidence to a broader research program. Prospective investigations, including two planned randomized controlled trials on depression, are warranted to further evaluate the model’s efficacy and mechanisms of change.
