CHA 大学

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) can induce secondary damage, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death. These factors impede recovery. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of tegoprazan (TEGO), a drug known to act via a potassium-competitive acid blocker, in a SCI rat model. Methods: We conducted SCI in female rats, and TEGO was administered intraperitoneally. Methylprednisolone (MP) was used as a positive control. TEGO was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and sonicated before injection. Toxicity was assessed by body weight monitoring, and motor recovery was assessed by behavioral tests. We performed immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR to investigate inflammatory markers. Western blot analyses were evaluated for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling pathways. Results: TEGO treatment had no systemic toxicity and improved motor recovery. TEGO (p < 0.05) and MP (p < 0.01) decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. CD206 expression was significantly increased in the MP group (p < 0.01) compared with the Vehicle group, whereas the TEGO group showed a slight increase compared with the Vehicle group. Furthermore, TEGO inhibited MAPK/NF-kappa B signaling, attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Conclusions: TEGO, a representative potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CABs), suppressed pro-inflammatory gene expression and might be applied as a novel treatment for SCI.

Hypothermia is common in trauma patients and related to increased mortality; therefore, monitoring of core temperature is important. Conventional measuring methods have limitations in trauma setting. The 3 M™ Bair Hugger™ Temperature Monitoring System provides noninvasive zero-heat-flux temperature but has not been evaluated in trauma patients. This retrospective study included trauma patients who were monitored with esophageal and ZHF temperature monitoring during operating room resuscitation between January to October 2021 at a level I trauma center. Patients with severe facial or head trauma were excluded. Temperature data, automatically recorded every 5 min, were analyzed using Bland–Altman analysis and Lin’s concordance correlation with correction for repeated measurement. A total of 54 patients (mean Injury Severity Score 27.2 ± 14.8) and 1,737 paired measurements were analyzed. Mean bias was − 0.22 °C (95

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is commonly utilized in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis as either a bridge to surgery or as definitive therapy. However, early recurrence following tube removal remains a significant clinical concern. This study aimed to identify imaging predictors associated with early recurrence after PC tube removal. METHODS:A total of 1,002 patients who underwent PC between 2008 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who subsequently underwent cholecystectomy (n = 606), were discharged with the tube in place (n = 221), or did not undergo fluoroscopic tube removal (n = 21) were excluded, resulting in 154 patients for analysis. Pre-removal imaging (CT or ultrasound) was assessed for gallbladder wall thickening, pericholecystic fluid, residual stones or sludge, and cystic duct stricture. The primary outcome was recurrence within 30 days of tube removal. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized for analysis. RESULTS:Early recurrence occurred in 10 patients (6.5%). Cystic duct stricture on fluoroscopy was significantly more frequent in the recurrence group compared with the non-recurrence group (50.0% vs 6.9%, p < 0.001). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, cystic duct stricture (HR = 17.59, 95% CI 4.19-73.86, p < 0.001) and pancreatobiliary malignancy (HR = 9.34, 95% CI 1.56-56.04, p = 0.01) were identified as independent predictors of early recurrence. CONCLUSION:Cystic duct stricture identified on fluoroscopic cholangiography represents a strong independent radiologic predictor of early recurrence following PC tube removal, and pancreatobiliary malignancy further contributes to elevated recurrence risk.

This study compared the pharmacokinetic bioequivalence and safety of a new free-base formulation of 25 mg tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) to those of a reference formulation under fasting conditions. In this phase I, randomized, open-label, two-sequence, four-period, fully replicated crossover trial, 48 healthy volunteers were enrolled to receive single doses of the test and reference formulations in the T-R-T-R or R-T-R-T sequences. The plasma concentrations of TAF and tenofovir were measured and analyzed using non-compartmental methods. As the TAF concentration exhibits high intra-individual variability, reference-scaled average bioequivalence can be applied. The safety and tolerability were monitored during the study. All 48 volunteers received the study drug at least once. The pharmacokinetic analysis included 44 and 46 volunteers for TAF and tenofovir, respectively. The intra-individual coefficient of variation for the plasma maximum concentration (Cmax) of the reference TAF formulation was 59.86

This international, multidisciplinary consensus report represents the first effort to systematically define and characterize fatty pancreas. A key outcome of this endeavor was the recommendation to adopt "fatty pancreas" as the standardized and inclusive term to describe all forms of fat accumulation in the pancreas. This terminological consensus provides a critical foundation for unified reporting and clinical communication. Another major contribution of the report is the consensus on diagnostic imaging findings, which was based on radiological and endoscopic modalities. The proposed criteria aim to enhance consistency in clinical assessment and support the development of standardized research protocols. In addition to establishing terminology and diagnostic frameworks, the report also synthesizes current knowledge across a wide range of relevant domains. These include the etiology and epidemiology of fatty pancreas, as well as its associations with alcohol consumption, smoking, acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and surgical outcomes. The potential links between fatty pancreas and neoplastic conditions such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and pancreatic cancer are also addressed, alongside the current understanding of its metabolic implications (beta-cell function and glucose homeostasis) and treatment strategies. Throughout the consensus process, a consistent theme emerged: the limited availability of high-quality, prospective clinical data. Therefore, many of the recommendations in this report are based on expert consensus rather than strong empirical evidence. As such, the statements require rigorous prospective validation before they can be adopted into routine clinical practice. This underscores a critical need for further research, particularly studies aimed at clarifying causal relationships, validating diagnostic tools, and determining the clinical relevance of fatty pancreas across diverse patient populations. This report serves as both a summary of our current understanding and a roadmap for future investigations, aiming to close existing knowledge gaps and guide evidence-based clinical practice in this emerging field.