In this study, Cs2NaInI6 a cesium-based double perovskite, is investigated as a novel absorber material owing to its favorable optoelectronic properties, stability, and eco-friendliness. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive computational investigation of Cs2NaInI6 by combining Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with device-level simulations using SCAPS-1D. Electronic-structure analysis using the TB-mBJ potential revealed a direct band gap of 1.702 eV. Using SCAPS-1D simulation, we systematically optimized device performance by analyzing optimum left metal contact (LMC) selection from (Cu, Fe, C, Au, W, Ni, Pd, Pt, Se), hole transport layer (HTL) from (CBTS, CuI, MoS2, P3HT, GaAs, CdTe, and CFTS), and electron-transport layer (ETL) from (WS2, ZnO, TiO2, and PCBM). The optimal cell, FTO/WS2/Cs2NaInI6/CBTS/Ni, achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.23
Alkali metal Na-ion batteries (NIBs) present an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, the limited availability of high-performance anode materials continues to hinder their widespread adoption. In this study, we theoretically investigate the potential of a two-dimensional elemental monolayer of gallium, known as gallenene (Ga-100-ML), as a promising anode material for NIBs and as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The structural, dynamical, and thermal stability of Ga-100-ML is confirmed through formation and cohesive energy calculations, phonon dispersion analysis, in-plane stiffness evaluation, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Electronic structure analysis reveals its metallic nature, and adsorption studies show that up to 45 Na atoms can be stably accommodated, corresponding to a high theoretical storage capacity of 961.30 mAh/g and a low diffusion barrier of 0.36 eV. Furthermore, HER activity is significantly enhanced upon Pt decoration, achieving a minimum Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption of -0.12 eV. These results highlight Ga-100-ML as a promising candidate for dual applications in NIBs and catalyst for HER.
Suicidal ideation is a robust predictor of suicidal behavior and is prevalent in mood disorders. Childhood maltreatment, including abuse and neglect, is a well-established risk factor for suicidal ideation, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are plausible mediators; four EMSs – defectiveness/shame, social isolation/alienation, failure, and dependence/incompetence – have been linked to suicidal ideation. This study examined these mediating pathways in mood disorders and explored differences across major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar II disorder (BD-II), and bipolar I disorder (BD-I). A total of 932 Korean psychiatric outpatients aged 18–49 years with MDD, BD-II, or BD-I were included. Childhood maltreatment, EMSs, suicidal ideation, and depressive symptoms were assessed. Four structural equation models tested EMS mediation, controlling for age, sex, and depressive symptoms. Multi-group analyses evaluated measurement and structural invariance across diagnostic groups. Indirect pathways from childhood neglect to suicidal ideation were observed through three EMSs: defectiveness/shame (B = 0.28, 95
Reliable condition monitoring of milling machines (MMs) is essential for maintaining quality of the output product and avoiding downtime, but traditional acoustic emission (AE)-based approaches using features such as root mean square (RMS), kurtosis, or band-limited energies either blur burst events with background activity or rely on ad hoc thresholding of AE hits. As a result, rotation-synchronous AE bursts generated by tool wear, bearing damage, and gear defects are incompletely captured and difficult to exploit for robust multi-fault diagnosis. This article presents Katz fractal dimension AE event scanner (KFD-AEEScan), a single-sensor diagnostic framework that processes AE signals into time-scale maps of local fractal complexity, replacing purely amplitude- or energy-based traces with a multiscale representation more sensitive to transient burst activity. A sliding-window Katz fractal-dimension estimator is applied at multiple window lengths, producing KFD traces in which burst-dominated regions gravitate toward the lower bound of KFD, while quasi-stationary background occupies higher-complexity levels. These traces are synchronized and stacked into compact two-dimensional time-scale maps, in which multiple KFD scales jointly encode the prominence and timing of AE bursts along each cutting pass. The framework is validated on real milling-machine AE data under multiple spindle speeds and four health states: normal, cutting tool wear, spindle bearing fault, and gearbox fault. KFD-AEEScan achieves high, well-balanced macro-F1 across all classes and outperforms representative wavelet-fractal, short-time Fourier transform-based, and Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD)-fractal baselines. The results indicate that localized KFD mapping of AE bursts provides an effective representation for multi-fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance in MMs.
This study investigates the activation mechanism of boron-doped carbon (BMC) catalysts for the degradation of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) via persulfate (PMS) activation. The catalysts were synthesized using a sequential double-melting calcination method, resulting in mesoporous carbon nanosheets characterized by hierarchical macro-mesopores and atomically dispersed dual active sites. Comprehensive characterization was performed using BET, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, XRD, and Raman techniques. The optimized BMC catalyst demonstrated excellent performance, achieving complete removal of sulfamethoxazole (100%) and a high mineralization rate (similar to 90%) within 45 min. Mechanistic analysis, including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), revealed that the degradation predominantly follows a singlet oxygen (O-1(2))-dominated pathway. The system exhibited broad applicability to various pollutants, along with notable operational stability and robust resistance to common environmental interferents. Persulfate activation was primarily attributed to boron-active sites, while the hierarchical mesoporous structure facilitated both pollutant enrichment and catalytic efficiency.
