This paper introduces a new synchronous distributed proximal splitting algorithm (SyDPsGNE), and its asynchronous version (AsyDPsGNE), specifically designed for seeking the generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) in aggregative games with coupling constraints over delayed communication networks. Both algorithms operate under partial-information scenarios, where individual players possess local estimates of the aggregate value and engage solely with neighboring players. When executed asynchronously, AsyDPsGNE permits each player to update locally using potentially out-dated information from their neighbors, accommodating time-varying, arbitrary but bounded delays. The theoretical analysis of SyDPsGNE relies on investigating the invariance property of aggregate estimates and the Fej & eacute;r monotonicity of its compact iteration. In analyzing AsyDPsGNE, it focuses on monotonic conditional expectations relative to the solution distances, demonstrating its almost sure convergence under the identical step-size condition as SyDPsGNE. Notably, this marks the first analysis of asynchronous distributed GNE seeking in aggregative games with coupling constraints. Finally, numerical experiments conform the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Most existing health indicator (HI) construction models are typically developed based on the assumption of constant operating conditions. However, such models are often insufficient for accurately characterizing the dynamic deterioration process and are not conducive to incipient fault detection (IFD) under non-stationary working conditions. To address the above limitations, this paper presents a new distribution parameter alignment-based health indicator (DPA-HI) for degradation assessment and IFD of wind turbine (WT) bearings. Specifically, a parameter alignment function (PAF) is introduced to transform the parameters from non-reference conditions to a reference condition. Subsequently, the component parameters of both the Gaussian and the exponential mixture models under non-reference speeds are aligned to the reference speed using the designed PAF. Based on the aligned parameters, time-domain and frequency-domain HIs are independently derived, and the final DPA-HI is obtained by linearly combining these two HIs. Finally, Experimental results obtained from WT bearing datasets indicate that the DPA-HI effectively captures the intrinsic degradation process under non-stationary conditions. Furthermore, it outperforms both traditional and advanced HIs, facilitating accurate detection of incipient faults in WT bearings.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, with limited treatment options. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as key immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, exacerbate the malignancy of TNBC by promoting angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to collect clinical trials targeting TAMs for the treatment of TNBC. Data from completed and ongoing studies were extracted and analyzed, focusing on strategies that inhibit macrophage recruitment, clearance, and reprogramming, as well as their combination with standard therapies. TAMs in TNBC predominantly exhibit an M2-like pro-tumor phenotype, originating from circulating monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages, and drive progression through multiple pathways. Clinical trials indicate preliminary efficacy for strategies including CSF-1/CSF-1R inhibitors, bisphosphonates, and reprogramming agents—particularly when combined with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors—though response rates vary, and optimal regimens remain under investigation. TAMs represent a promising therapeutic target in TNBC. Emerging clinical evidence supports the potential of targeted therapies against them, though further optimization of patient selection and combination strategies is required. This review provides a systematic foundation for advancing treatments targeting TAMs. We confirm that the scientific content remains unchanged.
The galvanic corrosion behavior of 6082 aluminum alloy coupled to SUS304 was assessed in various NaCl solutions to simulate the various salt water environments. Results showed that the 6082/SUS304 couple was composed of macro-couple (6082/SUS304) and micro-couple (Mg2Si or Al(Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu) Si coupled to α-Al), and the galvanic corrosion process intensified with the increased NaCl concentration, especially the Mg2Si micro-couple experienced a polarity reversal. The erosive effect of Cl− induced the corrosion products to exhibit an evolution tendency of “Al2O3 → Al(OH)3 → Al(OH)3−xClx → AlCl3”. Furthermore, the distributions of potential and current susceptible to the 6082/SUS304 structure were simulated by COMSOL (FEM) and the mechanisms were discussed.
Two-dimensional (2D) metal-oxides are promising for methane electrooxidation due to their excellent active edge sites and large surface areas. Yet, these materials suffer from limited charge transfer and restricted edge regions, which are further exacerbated by layer-layer stacking/aggregation and/or selfcurling during use. This work develops unique hierarchical catalysts by assembling 2D nanoholey NiCo2O4 with maximized active oxygen vacancies (NiCo2O4-NF-Vo) present on both edges and surfaces. This is achieved by combining the introduction of porosity in vertically-standing 2D planes, followed by H2 cold plasma treatment for efficient, selective, and stable methane electrooxidation to acetaldehyde. The Faradaic efficiency reached 74% at 1.5 V vs. RHE, maintaining stability for 120 h while suppressing the oxygen evolution reaction through oxygen vacancy incorporation. In situ surface analysis and density functional theory calculations revealed that the upward shift of the d-band centers of Ni and Co active sites with oxygen vacancies could enhance key intermediates (*CH2OH and *CH2) adsorption on exposed cobalt sites enabled by vertically-standing ultrathin porous sheets. Improved adsorption facilitates ratelimiting-step kinetics and C-C bonding, increasing productivity levels of acetaldehyde. Oxygen vacancyincorporated, fully-exposed 2D-holey NiCo2O4-NF-Vo demonstrates exceptional catalytic performance and stability for selective methane oxidation. This innovative approach provides a strategic design framework for vertically-mountable and selectively-activatable ultrathin 2D metal oxides in catalytic applications. (c) 2026 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
