The electroproduction of eta' mesonsfrom a( 1)H target atW = 2.13 GeV, Q(2) = 0.46 (GeV/c)( 2) , and cos theta(CM) (gamma & lowast;eta ' )approximate to -1 has been experimentally measured. The differential cross section of virtual photoproduction has been obtained as 4.4 +/- 0.8 (stat.) +/- 0.4 (sys.) nb/sr in the OnePhoton-Exchange Approximation. This value is one-sixth of that of real photoproduction at backward angles. A comparison with newly developed isobar model calculations not only showsthe validity of the theoretical framewark employed, but also imposes new constraints on coupling strength between the eta p final state and nucleon resonances
We report on the cosmic ray mass composition measured by the Telescope Array Low-energy Extension (TALE) hybrid detector. The TALE detector consists of a fluorescence detector (FD) station with 10 FD telescopes located at the Telescope Array (TA) Middle Drum FD Station (itself made up of 14 FD telescopes), and a surface detector (SD) array of scintillators. The array consists of 40 SDs with 400 m spacing and 40 SDs with 600 m spacing. In this paper, we present results on the measurement of the depth of shower maxima (Xmax) in the energy range from 1016.5 eV to 1018.5 eV collected over five years of the TALE hybrid detector. The Xmax distributions were analyzed and compared with Monte Carlo simulations of proton, helium, nitrogen, and iron primaries, using the QGSJet II-04 hadronic interaction model. Our results indicate that the elongation rate of the mean Xmax, which is defined as the slope of KXmaxi versus cosmic ray energy, exhibits a break around 1017 eV. Up to this energy, the composition becomes increasingly heavy, characterized by a growing dominance of heavy nuclei and a steadily decreasing fraction of light primaries. Beyond this energy, the proton fraction increases significantly with energy. These findings suggest a transition from Galactic to extra-Galactic cosmic ray sources around the so-called second knee.
The discovery of antiviral agents is an important research area because the world is increasingly exposed to the risk of viral infectious diseases. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) causes globally prevalent sexually transmitted diseases, and numerous individuals are living with HSV-2. Influenza A virus (IAV) causes annual epidemics and occasional pandemics, attracting great concern in public health. In this study, antiviral activities against HSV-2 and IAV of 103 flavonoids were screened. The screening identified cirsilineol and apigenin as active against HSV-2, while cirsimaritin and hymenoxin displayed anti-IAV activity. These flavonoids have the potential to serve as therapeutic candidates for viral infectious diseases.
Schröder’s theorem studied the convergence of Newton’s method for the complex quadratic function, showing that on either side of the perpendicular bisector of the roots, Newton’s method converges to the root on that particular side. This paper rigorously proves that Schröder’s theorem also holds for a new variant of Newton’s method—named Backtracking New Q-Newton’s method (BNQN). However, the orbit behavior of the BNQN method differs from Newton’s method on the perpendicular bisector of the roots. The motivation for our rigorous proof comes from a remarkable experimental discovery that the basins of attraction of the BNQN method of polynomials of any degree seem to have piecewise smooth boundaries, while for Newton’s method of polynomials of degrees larger than two are usually fractal.
A regenerative economy refers to an economic system that regenerates various forms of capital, including natural resources and social systems, for long-term use. Regenerating these forms of capital enables the sustained improvement of social well-being. This concept differs from a traditional consumption-based economy or a sustainable economy, which primarily aims to secure the satisfaction of future needs. Traditional capitalism has regenerated capital in production but has often consumed natural capital and sometimes degraded social capital. The concept of a regenerative economy provides principles for restoring these forms of capital. This paper discusses how digital transformation (DX) technologies can help realize a regenerative economy, using development projects for DX technologies as case studies. Airport-adjacent districts in three countries-Japan, the Philippines, and Thailand-representing different industrial sectors are examined, and the impacts of these technologies are analyzed based on Fullerton's concept of a regenerative economy. Based on qualitative assessment, we found that these technologies are expected to contribute to improving some principles of a regenerative economy, but challenges remain in others. As a result, the concept of a regenerative economy can be useful for a conceptual yet holistic assessment of the regeneration of natural and social capital.
