Development-induced resettlement has become an increasingly prominent form of spatial restructuring across the Global South, yet the spatial transformations it produces at the household scale remain empirically underexplored. Using an integrative spatial–ethnographic approach that combines ethnography, architectural analysis, and 3D documentation, this study examines the production of space and place-making through sacred space in the homes of a resettled Wa community in Yunnan, China, tracing the place–placelessness–re-placing process unfolding at the domestic scale. Resettlement housing disrupted the spatial order through which cosmology and hierarchy had been materialized, eroding shared spatial perceptions and cultural meanings, and producing placelessness. Through embodied spatial practice and the material reorganization of the home, Wa residents restored symbolic meaning, reaffirmed household authority and reverence, and transformed their new houses into places of Wa identity and emotional attachment. This re-placing process reveals Wa residents’ cultural spatial agency—their capacity to actively reshape space and sustain cultural identity through vernacular beliefs and spatial practices, fostering collective belonging and cultural resilience. At the same time, the growing diversification of spatial patterns risks weakening shared spatial perceptions over time. By extending the analysis of spatial production to the household scale and foregrounding the materiality of domestic space in post-resettlement home-making, this study highlights resettlement as both a spatial and an existential process, contributing to broader debates on the production of space, place-making, and cultural transformation in development-induced resettlement.
CO2 methanation is attracting attention as a synthetic fuel manufacturing process using hydrogen from renewable energy. The large-scale implementation of methanation in society requires the development of highperformance, stable catalysts and the establishment of methods for their mass production. In this study, Ni/ CeO2 catalyst is prepared using flame-assisted spray pyrolysis (FASP), which is a one-step and rapid process for producing fine particles, and the detailed particle structure and CO2 methanation performance are evaluated. The results are also compared with those of catalysts prepared by the conventional impregnation method (IM). The FASP catalyst consists mainly of particles ranging from 10-20 nm in size, with some particles reaching several hundred nanometers, while IM catalyst consists of micrometer-sized CeO2 particles with approximately 30 nm-Ni particles on the surface. The FASP catalyst also shows higher specific surface area and Ni dispersion than the IM catalyst. Furthermore, XAFS, XPS, and H2-TPR analyses suggests that FASP promotes the formation of oxygen vacancies, Ni-O-Ce interfacial sites, and reduced Ni species. In CO2 methanation tests, the FASP catalyst exhibits higher CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity than the IM catalyst, achieving a CH4 production rate of 81.3 & micro;mol/(gcat & sdot;s) at 300 degrees C, which is high-level among the literature values. These suggest that the fine particle structure, abundant oxygen vacancies and reduced Ni species, and increased Ni-CeO2 interfaces formed by FASP contribute to the enhanced catalytic activity. This study demonstrates that FASP is a promising method for the simple production of highly active CO2 methanation catalysts with fine structure.
Surface morphology of the substrate and bottom layers plays a critical role in the epitaxial growth of oxide thin films. Here, we report on the self-organized formation of a step-terrace structure in SrRuO3 (SRO) thin films grown using pulsed laser deposition on mixed-terminated SrTiO3 (100) substrates without any prior surface treatment. Atomic force microscopy observations reveal that SRO films initially grow in a three-dimensional island mode and subsequently undergo a transition to a step-flow growth mode through island coalescence as the film thickness increases, resulting in a well-defined step-terrace morphology with a step height consistent with the SRO unit-cell parameter. The average terrace width of the self-organized structure can be systematically tuned by varying the substrate temperature and the target-substrate distance, which we attribute to changes in the critical island radius that governs the nucleation behavior. To demonstrate the utility of this self-organized morphology, we show that BiFeO3 thin films grown on SRO films with such a step-terrace structure exhibit improved surface flatness and crystalline quality compared to those grown directly on bare SrTiO3 substrates. These findings provide a clear understanding of the mechanism of thickness-driven growth-mode transitions in perovskite oxide thin films under various growth conditions.
Single residential buildings (SRBs) are a major component of housing, yet their material stocks and flows remain insufficiently quantified in data-scarce countries. This study applies a bottom-up dynamic material stock–flow analysis that integrates material intensities derived from construction documents, statistical data, and remote-sensing datasets for the Philippines from 2008 to 2023. Results show that the estimated annual inflows increased from 19 million metric tons (Mt) in 2009 to 34 Mt in 2023, while the estimated outflows increased from 4.7 to 5.6 Mt. Cumulative inflows and outflows reached 383 and 76 Mt, respectively, resulting in approximately 5921 Mt of in-use stock in 2023. In-use stocks were dominated by mineral- and masonry-based materials. Regional indicators also show that housing-service conditions of SRBs are multidimensional, reflecting distinct aspects of material concentration, population, dwelling-scale accumulation, and active occupancy, while stock-based urban mining assessment identified concrete, masonry materials, and metals as priority streams.
Suicide prevention is fundamentally shaped by public health policy. Yet many individuals still die by suicide, and many more experience suicidal ideation. Across countries and health systems, large numbers of people at risk never receive timely and effective care, or discontinue treatment before it becomes protective. This gap between health care policy and suicide prevention reflects a global health-policy challenge: when care is difficult to find, socially and culturally unsafe, unreachable, financially burdensome, and/or poorly coordinated, health systems may technically provide services but fail to reach those most in need. Building on Levesque et al.'s conceptualization of access to care, this chapter examines how barriers emerge across five dimensions, approachability, acceptability, availability, affordability, and appropriateness, and explains how these barriers prevent individuals from recognizing need, reaching services, paying costs, and sustaining engagement with effective care.
