This study examines how hotels adapted their business models to sustain operations during the prolonged uncertainty of COVID-19. Using Business Model Dynamics as a systems lens and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on data from 53 Thai hotels, the study identifies multiple equifinal configurations of strategic, operational, and financial adjustments that generated high resilience. Results show that high resilience emerged not from isolated actions but from coherent alignments among innovation, resource redeployment, and financial preparedness, with minimal cost restructuring shared across resilient hotels. Less resilient hotels followed distinct, asymmetric configurations, confirming that the drivers of low resilience differ from those of high resilience. The findings advance hospitality resilience research by extending Business Model Dynamics through configurational causality, showing how adaptive operational resilience depends on the fit among business model elements during a prolonged disruption. The study offers context-specific insights for tourism-dependent hotels and provides a foundation for future cross-country and longitudinal validation of the Configurational Business Model Dynamics (CBMD) framework.
Although considerable advances have been made in directly converting ethanol to butadiene (ETB), the catalyst deactivation mechanism remains incompletely understood. Herein, ZnZr/Si-beta catalyst was chosen as a model catalyst to elucidate the carbon deposition induced deactivation mechanism. The comprehensive characterization revealed that the primary cause of deactivation is the accumulation of coke deposits on the catalyst surface or within the pores. The significant accumulation of acetaldehyde results from inhibited aldol condensation, caused by carbon deposits covering the active sites. The accumulated acetaldehyde undergoes aldol condensation to form acetone. Subsequently, the generated acetone and acetaldehyde participate in self- and cross-condensation reaction, generating long-chain unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. Subsequent cyclization reaction of these compounds generates complex compounds such as 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, dibenzofuran, and fluorene, which ultimately poison the catalyst by blocking its active sites. These insights offer valuable theoretical guidance for designing novel catalysts for the direct ethanol-to-butadiene conversion.
Dengue, an Aedes mosquito-borne viral infection, is on the rise with climate and demographic change. In 2023, WHO declared dengue its highest grade of emergency, following the largest number of cases and deaths in recorded history. This emergency highlighted the absence of safe and effective dengue-specific treatments as a gap in the product landscape for care for people with dengue. To accelerate development of dengue-specific treatments for wide implementation and access in all dengue-endemic countries, WHO conducted a landscape analysis of the dengue therapeutics pipeline and convened a global expert and public consultation to develop target product profiles for treatments for non-severe and severe dengue. These target product profiles provide strategic guidance for product developers, regulators, procurement agencies, and funders on the intended use, target populations, and key product characteristics of dengue-specific treatments required to meet public health needs, setting clear targets to drive development of dengue drugs accessible to those who need them the most.
