V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University is a higher education institution located in Simferopol and created in 2014, on the basis of Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University. Crimean Federal University is one of the best university for medical studies. The university offers organizational, scientific and methodological aspects of the educational process related to MBBS. It has a century-long history with a network of research and production facilities, which has more than 7,000 staff and over 32,000 students, including about 3,000 international students from 54 countries.The university was named after the academician Vladimir Vernadsky. Crimea Federal University has 23 academic and non-academic units and 12 branches located across Crimea, including 10 academies and institutes, 7 colleges, 11 branches, and 11 research and science institutions and centers.
Biological control, which relies on natural enemies to suppress insect pest populations, is a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture. However, its efficacy depends on plant-mediated interactions that influence predator and parasitoid behaviour. Prohydrojasmon (PDJ), a jasmonate analogue, primes plant defences against herbivores, but its effects on tritrophic interactions remain understudied. Here, we investigated how PDJ treatment of Brassica juncea L. (Brassicaceae) alters the behaviour and efficacy of three aphid parasitoids (Diaeretiella rapae, Aphidius gifuensis, Aphidius colemani) and two predators (Coccinella septempunctata, Harmonia axyridis) at 24 h (PDJ24) and 48 h (PDJ48) post-treatment. Using parasitoid landing assays, foraging trials, parasitism rate evaluations, olfactometer bioassays, predator preference tests, and volatile profiling, we assessed PDJ’s temporal impact on tritrophic dynamics. Results showed that PDJ48 increased foraging duration and parasitism rates in D. rapae (at 24 h and 48 h) and A. gifuensis (48 h only), while A. colemani remained unaffected. PDJ48 also enhanced H. axyridis settlement and aphid consumption, with predators showing no preference for PDJ24-treated plants. Olfactometer assays revealed stronger attraction of D. rapae and A. gifuensis to PDJ48-induced volatiles, aligning with delayed landing responses (24 h for D. rapae; 48 h for A. colemani) and prolonged foraging. PDJ48 increased parasitoid retention on treated plants, suggesting improved host-location cues, whereas C. septempunctata exhibited no preference. These findings demonstrate that PDJ application at 48 h post-treatment enhances tritrophic interactions by synchronising plant defence induction with natural enemy recruitment, while PDJ24 effects were transient or absent. Our study underscores PDJ’s potential as a sustainable tool to synergise plant resistance and biological control, offering a timed application strategy for integrated pest management in Brassica crops.
The peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is among the most destructive and adaptable agricultural pests worldwide, known for its ability to colonize hundreds of host plants and transmit numerous plant viruses. Moreover, it has evolved resistance to more insecticide classes and active ingredients than any other known arthropod pest, making it a key model for studying the evolution of resistance. This review synthesizes the biochemical, genetic, and ecological mechanisms underpinning this adaptability. We trace the historical and contemporary development of resistance to organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, sulfoximines, ketoenols, and other insecticides, highlighting how metabolic detoxification by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, carboxylesterases, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UDPGTs) interacts with target-site mutations such as modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE), knockdown resistance (kdr), super-kdr, R81T, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) substitutions. We also examine the regulation of these pathways through gene amplification, transcriptional plasticity, and inducible responses, while emphasizing fitness trade-offs that shape resistance dynamics in the field. By integrating these diverse perspectives, this review goes beyond cataloguing mechanisms to provide a comprehensive framework that explains how multi-resistant clones of M. persicae emerge and persist. We further discuss the implications of composite genotypes for resistance monitoring and management, and outline future directions including molecular diagnostics, synergists targeting detoxification enzymes, and integrated pest management strategies. Together, these insights underscore the urgent need for sustainable, informed approaches that account for genetic and biochemical dimensions of resistance to preserve the efficacy of current and future insecticides against this globally significant pest.
Four new copper(I) iodide complexes with 2-phenyl-5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L), namely [Cu2I2L2(PPh3)2]·2CHCl3 (1·2CHCl3), [CuIL(PPh3)2]·MeOH (2), [Cu2I2L4]·MeCN (3), and [CuIL] (4), were synthesized and characterized by IR, TGA, PXRD, single crystal X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical methods. Triphenylphosphine containing complexes 1 and 2 are highly photoluminescent at room temperature in the solid state (λem = 585 and 523 nm for 1 and 2, respectively), while homoleptic complexes show a moderate emission under similar conditions (λem = 546 and 648 nm for 3 and 4, respectively). In addition, the emission color and/or efficiency was altered by thermal and mechanical stimuli, and the responsiveness was dependent on the complex structure. Efficient solution-processed yellow emitting OLEDs were fabricated based on 1 as the dopant. A high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23% and a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 56 cd A-1 at a luminance of 1000 cd m-2 were achieved in the obtained device.
This article examines the social protection system in Russia and analyzes the organizational and legal framework for regulating social protection. Particular attention is paid to key instruments of state social policy, such as national projects and state programs, and their implementation is assessed. A comparative analysis of international social protection models (Germany, France, China, and the United Kingdom) is provided, and the potential for adapting these best practices to the Russian context is explored.
This article describes the role of Moritz Hoffmann, anatomist and professor of medicine and surgery, in the history of the discovery of the pancreatic duct, later named after Johann Georg Wirsung. Translations of original texts in Latin are provided, their authors were contemporaries, eyewitnesses, and scientists who were directly acquainted with the participants of those events.
