Coordinates: 55°47′26.26″N 49°8′27.23″E / 55.7906278°N 49.1408972°E / 55.7906278; 49.1408972Based primarily in Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia, the Kazan State Medical University (KSMU) is a federal university made up of nine faculties.The university got the license on 6 March 1994 by the State Committee of the Russian Federation of Higher Education. Kazan State Medical University is a multifunctional and multi-levelled state institution ofhigher learning in medicine. KSMU functions on the basis of self-governance and belongs to the system of Higher Education and Scientific Research of the Ministry of Health of Russia. On March 6, 1994, the university was issued with a license number 16 G – 235 by the StateCommittee of Russian Federation of Higher Education which grants the right to performactivities in the field of professional education.Under the auspices of Kazan State Medical University, there is a pharmaceutical and two medical colleges in Kazan, one medical college Mary EI Republic, lycee and biomedical classes on the secondary school basis. According to the results of a rating of medical schools, KSMU takes the 16 place among 86other universities.Founded in 1814, KSMU was the second university institution to be founded in Kazan, the third medical university institution in the Russia..
We studied ex vivo effect of α2A/D-adrenoreceptor (α2A/D-AR) antagonist RX821002 at concentrations of 10–9-10–6 M on inotropy, chronotropy, and coronary flow in Langendorff-isolated rat heart. The minimum concentration of the antagonist did not affect the studied cardiac parameters. The α2A/D-AR antagonist at the concentrations of 10–8-10–6 M increased contraction pressure of the left ventricular myocardium and coronary flow. RX821002 exerted a positive and negative chronotropic effect depending on the concentration. Application of RX821002 at a concentration of 10–7 M caused dual-effect: both an increase and a decrease in heart rate were observed. The most pronounced changes in chronotropy and inotropy were revealed after application of α2A/D-AR blocker at a concentration of 10–7 M.
Primary Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) and type 0 (CM0) appear to share features of overcrowding of the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) neural elements. We carried out the present study to identify anatomical features differentiating primary Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) from Chiari malformation type 0 (CM0) and normal subjects, and then used those anatomic features for CM1 and CM0 phenotyping and diagnosis. This study included two groups of adult patients: CM0 with syringomyelia (SM) (CM0-SM) having cerebellar tonsillar descent ≤ 2 mm below the foramen magnum (FM), CM1 with syringomyelia (CM1-SM) with tonsillar herniation (TH) > 3 mm, and normal controls. Clinical data and MRI parameters were analyzed. CM1 and CM0 associated with SM share anatomic characteristics of PCF hypoplasia, size reduction, and flattening, and share clinical findings of occipital headache and cervical central myelopathy. CM1 has more pronounced PCF hypoplasia, narrower FM CSF pathways, and more expansive and extensive syringes than CM0, while CM0 has reduced FM size. Combining two MRI morphometric markers predicted CM1 with a sensitivity of 94
Gestational weight gain may affect the health of a woman and her child in the short and long term. Both inadequate and excessive weight gain are associated with several adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes for the mother and fetus. However, optimal ranges of weight gain during pregnancy remain unclear and insufficiently studied for all categories of pregestational body mass index. This review aimed to examine the relationship between ranges of gestational weight gain and the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. It also aimed to assess the specific features of gestational weight gain based on pregestational body mass index and which strategies can optimize it. The source search was conducted in eLibrary.Ru, PubMed, Medline, Crossref, and Google Scholar databases from 2009 to 2025 using the following keywords: “гестационная прибавка веса” (gestational weight gain), “осложнения беременности” (pregnancy complications), “ожирение” (obesity), “гестационный сахарный диабет” (gestational diabetes mellitus), and “макросомия” (macrosomia). Preference was given to data from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Pregestational body mass index is a crucial predictor of favorable pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, it should be considered the primary target for preventing pregnancy and delivery complications associated with excessive body weight and obesity. Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain are linked to an increased risk of adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes for the mother (e.g., gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, complicated labor, and increased risk of cesarean section) and fetus (e.g., growth disorders, prematurity, and birth trauma). Currently, no unified protocol exists for managing patients with weight changes during preconception care and pregnancy. This is further complicated by regional factors (e.g., place of residence, dietary traditions, and cultural differences) and individual factors (e.g., influence of the immediate social environment, constitutional characteristics, and childhood and adolescent conditions). Population-level studies examining the causes and consequences of variations in gestational weight gain should be continued as they are critical for decreasing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Background. Chronic laryngitis (CL) is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx with a long course and periodic exacerbations. Chronic laryngitis in adults accounts for up to 50% of all laryngeal diseases and up to 10% of all ENT pathologies. Despite modern diagnostic methods, chronic laryngitis remains one of the most unexplored ENT pathologies.Results. The article presents an overview of modern data on the etiology, approaches to diagnosis and treatment of chronic laryngitis, especially chronic hypertrophic laryngitis. A total of 28 articles from elibrary.ru and pubmed.com databases were analyzed for the period from 2015 to 2025.Conclusion. The results of the study highlight the multifactorial nature of the disease, in which infectious, household and professional factors, as well as hormonal changes, immune changes and gastrointestinal diseases, in particular gastroesophageal reflux disease, play an important role. Despite significant progress in the study of pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment methods, many questions remain open, which emphasizes the need for further research to develop more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of chronic laryngitis.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces persistent locomotor deficits that are closely associated with maladaptive structural plasticity of spinal neuronal circuits. Although motor rehabilitation improves functional outcomes, the cellular substrates underlying rehabilitation-induced recovery remain incompletely understood, particularly in relation to activity-dependent neuromodulation strategies. Here, we investigated how treadmill-based motor training (TMT) and its combination with bioluminescent optogenetic (BL-OG) stimulation of Hb9 (homebox 9)-positive motoneurons and excitatory interneurons selectively modulate microarchitectural plasticity in the injured rat spinal cord. At the level of gross locomotor assessment, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scores were comparable between the BL-OG and SCI+TMT groups. Although no statistically significant differences in the total score in rung ladder were observed at 28 days post-injury, animals in the BL-OG group showed a tendency toward a higher ratio of successful hindlimb placements, indicating improved step accuracy. BL-OG stimulation was associated with a slightly greater attenuation of SCI-induced spine abnormalities compared to TMT alone, with significant differences between the experimental groups detected specifically in laminae VIII and IX. These lamina-specific alterations in dendritic integration and dendritic spine composition were accompanied by preservation of wisteria floribunda agglutinin WFA-positive perineuronal net (PNN) architecture. Against this background, reduced glypican-4 (GPC-4) expression and attenuated WFA/GPC-4 colocalization were observed in the SCI+BL-OG group relative to SCI in laminae VII-IX, consistent with activity-dependent modulation of PNN-associated synaptic organization in Hb9-positive neuronal populations. Together, these findings indicate that motor rehabilitation and bioluminescent optogenetic stimulation engage distinct but partially overlapping mechanisms of activity-dependent microarchitectural remodeling, preferentially targeting synaptic and perineuronal net-associated substrates rather than inducing large-scale circuit reorganization. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these distinct plasticity profiles.
