Many high-income countries have successfully reduced hospital mortality in several acute health conditions. We test the hypothesis that variation in the supply of care directed to saving the life of individuals with a health shock may result in increasing the demand for health care as individuals are likely to contribute to the demand after surviving the health shock. We examined repeated cross-sections of individuals exposed to an AMI or a stroke over a time window of ten years in Denmark. Hospital survival probabilities in the interval 0- 30 days from the shock are used as an indicator of the supply, while individual health care expenditure in the interval 31-365 days is used as an indicator of the demand. We find the demand is highly elastic to supply-driven variation in time to death. Results are robust to a placebo test on individuals exposed to the shock without entering time to death.
This paper studies how a severe parental health shock affects children's school achievements using a rich longitudinal dataset of Danish children. We use coarsened exact matching to control for potential endogeneity between parental health and children's school outcomes and employ cancer specific survival rates to measure the size of the health shock. We find robust negative (albeit small) effects of a parental health shock on children's basic school grades as well as their likelihood of starting and finishing secondary education, especially for poor prognosis cancers. We observe different outcomes across children's gender and age and gender of the ill parent, but no effects of family-related resilience factors such as parental education level. The effects appear to be driven by non-pecuniary costs rather than by pecuniary costs. Moreover, we find that the negative effects on school performance increase in the size of the health shock for both survivors and non-survivors.
It is standard practice in the literature to assume that an individual’s marginal utility of consumption is independent of health status. If this assumption is not met, it could have important implications for welfare economic analyses. The aim of this paper is to provide new, more comprehensive empirical evidence of state dependence following the approach used by Finkelstein et al. (2013). We use a rich combination of longitudinal survey data and administrative register data. Survey data were obtained from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and combined with data from the comprehensive Danish registers, including individual income data and data on health care utilisation based on the universal ICD-10 classification system. Utility is measured in terms of subjective well-being attained from the SHARE survey. To further increase the power of our sample, we used a state-of-the-art prediction algorithm to enrich the register data with information on subjective well-being. With this approach, this paper also makes a general methodological contribution on the use of prediction models for data enrichment and imputation. We define a reduced form equation in which individual subjective well-being is regressed according to income and health with an interaction effect capturing state dependence. Our results show evidence of negative state dependence. From our baseline regression, the estimated magnitude suggests that marginal utility of consumption decreases by 14.6% when an individual becomes sick. The results are robust to different levels of risk aversion and to assumptions regarding the mapping of the latent utility onto observed utility.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 adalah penyakit yang sedang mewabah hampir diseluruh dunia sehingga ditetapkan menjadi pandemik. POGI mengeluarkan rekomendasi dalam penanganan Ibu Hamil dan Ibu bersalin agar tidak terjadi penularan Covid-19 pada Ibu, Bayi dan Tenaga Kesehatan. meminta semua persalinan harus dilakukan di faskes seperti Klinik, Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit selama masa Pandemi Covid-19 dengan menggunakan APD minimal level 2. Survey pendahuluan yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2020 dalam bentuk wawancara melalui Video Conference terhadap beberapa pimpinan faskes di Tembilahan Indragiri Hilir menyatakan bahwa sudah menggunakan delivery chamber untuk mencegah penularan Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kepatuhan bidan dalam penggunaan APD pada saat menolong persalinan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Desain penelitian ini Deskriptif, dengan Populasinya adalah seluruh bidan yang bekerja di faskes Tembilahan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, teknik pengambilan sampel Random Sampling dengan Jumlah sampel sebanyak 45 Responden. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan Kuesioner melalui link google form yang disebarkan dari bulan Agustus sampai September 2020. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa mayoritas responden selalu menggunakan Masker, Handscoon, Pelindung mata. Menggunakan Hazmat hanya 33.3%, Tutup Kepala 22.2%, Sepatu Boots 24,4%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak semua bidan patuh dalam menggunakan APD sesuai standar level 2 pada saat menolong persalinan di masa pandemi Covid-19.
