Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (Latin: Universitatis Medicinalis Leopoliensis), (Ukrainian: Львiвський Національний Медичний Унiверситет iм. Данила Галицького) — formerly known as the Lviv State Medical Institute, earlier the Faculty of Medicine of the John Casimir University and, before that, Faculty of Medicine of the Francis I University — is one of the oldest and biggest medical universities in Ukraine. LNMU begins from the Medical Faculty of Lviv University, which was opened on November 16, 1784, according to the privilege of the Austrian emperor Josef II. The medical school is named after King Daniel of Galicia, the historical founder of the city in 1256 AD. In 2009 University celebrated its 225 anniversary.
Pediatric cholecystitis and cholelithiasis management is heterogeneous. We surveyed European centers to map current practices, training exposure, and outcomes of pediatric biliary cholecystectomy. A 24-item cross-sectional international survey was developed by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) Section of Paediatric Surgery and distributed to centers in 31 UEMS member states. Items covered institutional resources, indications and timing, surgical approach and adjuncts (ERCP, ICG), training exposure, and center-level outcomes; results are reported as n (
Abdominal binders are commonly prescribed after abdominal surgery and hernia repair despite limited evidence supporting their mechanical effectiveness. Elastic abdominal binders and semi-rigid corsets are frequently used interchangeably, although their mechanical behavior under physiologically relevant conditions remains poorly defined. To compare the mechanical behavior of elastic abdominal binders and semi-rigid corsets under patient-applied forces and controlled tensile loading, and to assess their effects on dynamic abdominal circumference and basic respiratory parameters. In this prospective observational study, 67 adult patients were sequentially fitted with two elastic abdominal binders and two semi-rigid corsets. Waist circumference was measured at rest, during voluntary abdominal protrusion, and during abdominal drawing-in, both without and with abdominal supports. Patient-applied fastening forces were recorded using a digital force gauge. Bench-top tensile testing evaluated device elongation under incremental loads up to 70 N. Vital capacity and inspiratory capacity were assessed in patients able to perform reproducible spirometry. Paired within-subject analyses were performed. Elastic abdominal binders exhibited pronounced elongation within the range of forces applied by patients and did not reach a mechanically stable region, resulting in only a modest reduction in dynamic abdominal circumference when worn. In contrast, semi-rigid corsets demonstrated limited elongation, rapidly entered a stable load–length plateau at relatively low tensile loads, and reduced dynamic abdominal circumference by approximately 50
With global cancer cases projected to reach 35 million by 2050 and drug resistance to existing chemotherapeutic drugs remaining a significant threat in cancer therapy, accounting for up to 90% of chemotherapy failures, the search for novel anticancer compounds continues to be increasingly important. This systematic review (2021–2025) examined the role of thiazoles and 4-thiazolidinones/thiazolidinediones as popular scaffolds in existing anticancer drug design. While researchers continue to focus on well-established molecular targets, such as EGFR, VEGFR-2, and tubulin, there is a notable difference regarding other preferred choices for thiazoles and 4-thiazolidinones/thiazolidinediones. Among analyzed mechanisms of anticancer activity notably favored for thiazoles was the inhibition of serine/threonine protein kinases (CDK-2, BRAFV600E), while for 4-thiazolidinones/thiazolidinediones more studied were ROS generation and PPARγ activation. Furthermore, less-researched mechanisms of anticancer activity with no FDA-approved drugs such as PTP1B, SIRT2, PKM2, eIF4E, CA XI and XII inhibition for thiazole derivatives and pan-PIM kinase and BAG3 protein inhibition for 4-thiazolidinones/thiazolidinediones were evaluated as well. Notable was the popularity of the multi-targeting approach for modern drug design, with ~30% reporting two or more targets for their compounds. Despite these advancements, the review identified critical gaps in ADMET evaluations, safety analyzing against normal human cells and the lack of mechanistic studies connecting the targeted protein and the compounds anticancer effects.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that has been recognized as a significant public health concern worldwide. An imbalance between the protective oral microbiota and numerous oral pathogens has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Periodontitis not only impacts an individual's oral health but also has systemic implications. The pathogenesis of periodontitis and these respiratory infections has been shown to be intricately linked. Numerous clinical research and animal studies have highlighted that the oral health of a population is closely related to their systemic health. It has been suggested that the periodontal pockets can act as a reservoir for oral pathogens, which can later migrate into the respiratory tract through aspiration or systemic circulation. This is a narrative review conducted after a wide literature search on databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar with keywords including "Periodontitis," "Respiratory," "Infections," "Tuberculosis," 'COVID-19', "Pneumonia," "Asthma," and "COPD" published in the last 15 years. The cornerstone of this comprehensive review lies in deciphering the pathogenesis and epidemiology of periodontitis and how these periodontal bacteria contribute to respiratory infections through numerous biological mechanisms, inflammatory pathways, and the potential pathways of infection transmission. We also explore the empirical evidence through research studies supporting the periodontitis-respiratory infections link and also studies with conflicting or inconclusive results. By connecting the dots between this crucial oral-systemic link, we hope to uncover the gaps in the current research and find new avenues for developing cost-effective, targeted, transformative preventive and therapeutic strategies that will not only improve oral health but will also support respiratory health and help reduce the global burden of respiratory infections. Strengthening oral hygiene programs could reduce the burden of respiratory diseases, particularly in elderly and high-risk populations.
Respiratory infections are one of the most common causes of seeking medical attention and unreasonable prescription of antibiotics. Their progression is largely determined by the events of the critical "window of opportunity" – the first 48-72 hours. During this period, the main links in the pathogenesis of inflammation, changes in the microbiome and increased adhesion of microorganisms to the epithelium create conditions for the formation of bacterial biofilms that underlie the progression of inflammation, relapses, and chronicity. Restriction of antibiotic therapy in viral processes and the need to reduce the unreasonable use of antibiotics, interest in phytonyring drugs is growing. These multicomponent herbal remedies have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, secretolytic and immunomodulatory properties, which makes them promising for influencing the early stages of the pathogenesis of respiratory infections, including potential modification of pathogen adhesion. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the early clinical effects and anti-adhesive effect of the phytonyring drugs Sinupret (BNO1012/1016) and Imupret (BNO1030) in acute respiratory infections in the context of their potential ability to prevent progression and recurrence. An analysis of literature data on the efficacy of BNO1012/1016 in acute viral and postviral rhinosinusitis and BNO1030 in acute nonbacterial tonsillitis and its recurrent forms was carried out. The effect of drugs on the adhesive activity of Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus Aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus group G and Candida was evaluated albicans. Clinical data demonstrate that phytoniring drugs BNO1012/1016 and BNO1030 provide a pronounced early (in the first 48-72 hours) therapeutic effect in respiratory infections. BNO1016 reduces the severity of typical symptoms of acute viral and postviral rhinosinusitis and significantly reduces the frequency of progression of the viral process into post-viral (-79.5%) and bacterial (-58.7%) rhinosinusitis. BNO1030 pFig. corrects the regression of symptoms of acute non-bacterial tonsillitis (therapeutic gain is 4 days) and reduces the recurrence rate by 66.6% within a year. The clinical data obtained are confirmed by experimental: BNO1016 significantly reduced the adhesive activity of most of the clinical strains studied, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. BNO1030 showed a pronounced anti-adhesive effect against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus group G and Candida albicans. The ability of drugs to reduce the adhesion of pathogens – an early stage in the formation of biofilms – may be one of the key pathogenetic mechanisms of their clinical preventive efficacy. Sinupret (BNO1012/1016) provides an early clinical effect in acute viral and postviral rhinosinusitis and reduces the progression to post-viral and bacterial forms. Imupret (BNO1030) shows rapid improvement in the symptoms of acute non-bacterial tonsillitis and reduces the recurrence rate. Experimental data confirm these clinical effects: both drugs reduce the adhesion of clinically relevant pathogens, which is an early stage in the formation of biofilms. The combination of early clinical exposure and anti-adhesive activity forms the pathogenetic basis of the preventive action of BNO1012/1016 and BNO1030 on the progression and recurrence of respiratory infections.
