The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; Ukrainian: Національна академія наук України, Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny, abbr: NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of science and technology by coordinating a system of research institutes in the country. It is the main research oriented organization along with the five other academies in Ukraine specialized in various scientific disciplines. NAS Ukraine consists of numerous departments, sections, research institutes, scientific centers and various other supporting scientific organizations.The Academy reports on the annual basis to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The presidium of the academy is located at the following address vulytsia Volodymyrska, 57, across the street from the Building of Pedagogical Museum, and were used to preside the Central Council during the independence period of 1917-18.In 1919–1991 it was a republican branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
While ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism are well-established classes of magnetic order, a third class of collinear magnetic order, termed altermagnetism, has recently attracted scientific interest. We measured magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in core-level photoemission (XPS) at the Ru 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 core levels in epitaxial RuO2(110)/TiO2(110) films using circularly polarized x rays at 6 keV, as well as x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) in resonant x-ray absorption at the Ru M3,2 (3p3/2 and 3p1/2) edges. Charge transfer multiplet calculations show that the MCD-XPS and the XMCD can be explained by an altermagnetic locking of Ru magnetic moments and a distorted crystal field orientation. The distortion is caused by the epitaxial strain. The collinear magnetic moments in RuO2 occupy sublattice sites with distorted octahedral crystal fields that are rotated by 90 degrees with respect to each other. A change in the sign of the MCD-XPS at different sample positions indicates the presence of altermagnetic domains with the size of around hundreds of micrometers.
We develop nonlocal structural models for straight and curved MEMS/NEMS beam actuators, based on higher-order, Timoshenko, and Euler–Bernoulli kinematics. The governing equations are derived in two equivalent forms: a nonlinear differential-equation formulation and a Green’s-function integro-differential formulation. Numerical algorithms for both approaches are implemented in Mathematica, enabling consistent, side-by-side comparisons of accuracy and computational cost. The models are applied to study pull-in instability of nanobeams over a broad range of geometric (aspect ratio, thickness) and microstructural (nonlocal) parameters and for several boundary conditions. Results show that, for slender beams, all kinematic models provide similar predictions, whereas for relatively thick beams and/or strong nonlocal effects the higher-order and Timoshenko formulations are required for reliable estimates. Nonlocality produces a systematic softening of the response and can reduce the pull-in voltage by more than a factor of three relative to the classical (local) limit. The Green’s-function formulation offers improved numerical robustness and efficiency while remaining consistent with the differential-equation approach.
House size in early agricultural societies is assumed to be mutually conditioned by the “projected” maximal size of a household and its material wealth. This paper presents a probabilistic model distinguishing the impact of these factors on Gini-index inequality estimates derived from the distribution of house floor areas in early agriculturalist groups characterized by a periodic relocation to a new place(s), available construction space within a settlement, and individual houses inhabited by nuclear families. Accordingly, the model is a step towards a large-scale comparative framework with reliable indices of material wealth inequality. In addition, we analyze the impact of population size and settlement span on the variation in house floor areas during three phases of a settlement’s life: formative, developmental, and terminal. The results reveal that during the formative phase of settlement, population structure rather than the population size of the initial settlers is the primary driver of the “projected household size” component of Gini estimates for the analyzed subset of early agriculturalists. Population structure also impacts these estimates in combination with site span in the developmental and terminal phases. The application of the model to a dataset from the Cucuteni-Trypillia mega-site Nebelivka in present-day Ukraine approximates the overwhelming impact of the “projected household size” component on Nebelivka’s time-averaged Gini index.
Enhancing the Z-scheme photocatalysis of hollow semiconductor heterostructures via controllable vacancy engineering is intriguing yet remains under-developed to date. In this work, a hollow MoSe2/CdS Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed by assembling S vacancy (S-V)-engineered CdS hollow spheres with few-layer MoSe2 nanosheets, where Mo-S chemical bonds served as the high-speed channel for Z-scheme charge transmission, as validated by in situ light-irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy, and & centerdot;O-2(-) radical production measurements. Intriguingly, the Fermi level (E-f) difference between CdS and MoSe2 can be enlarged by tuning S-V content, which helps to strengthen the internal electric field (IEF) of MoSe2/CdS heterojunction to drive Z-scheme charge transmission efficiently. Meanwhile, MoSe2/CdS could benefit from the enhanced light harvest and catalytic reaction kinetics facilitated by the hollow architecture. Therefore, the MoSe2/CdS heterojunction displayed an exceptional visible-light-induced (lambda > 400 nm) H-2 evolution activity of 20.49 mmol g(-1) h(-1), approximately 89.1- and 13.0-fold higher than that displayed by CdS and 3% Pt-CdS, respectively; this value also exceeded the H-2 evolution activity of many CdS-based photocatalysts reported previously. In addition, the MoSe2/CdS heterojunction exhibited outstanding photocatalytic robustness for cyclic and long-term H-2 production. The present study may shed new insights on constructing highly active photocatalysts through the vacancy engineering of hollow-structured Z-scheme heterojunctions.
The review summarizes and analyzes the literature on the methods of synthesis of halogenated pyrrole-2-carbaldehydes. The data are systematically organized based on the position of the halogen atom in the pyrrole core. The bibliography includes 49 references published between 2000 and 2024.
