Background: Novel and effective cancer therapies have become increasingly important in the current cancer studies and their management scenario. The global burden of cancer continues to intensify, highlighting the urgent need for ground-breaking interventions that exceed the limitations of current approaches. The potential exercise of biological compounds in cancer therapy attracts new captivating areas of scientific interest. Objective: This review highlights the critical areas for further research and clinical development of genistein. It offers an in-depth overview of the present knowledge of genistein's potential as an anticancer agent. Methods: We gathered manuscripts in the field of genistein, a wonder phytocompound used in various cancer treatments, from different sources such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google. We collected, read, and examined a total of 236 manuscripts. Out of those, eighty-three were deemed applicable and taken into consideration for the present manuscript. Results: Soy-derived isoflavone genistein inhibits cancer in multiple ways. It blocks cancer-promoting signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt and MAPK via apoptosis and cell cycle termination. Genistein alters estrogen receptor interactions, which can affect tissue estrogenic or anti-estrogenicity. This mechanism may explain the success of genistein in hormone-related malignancies, including breast, prostate, and other cancers. Conclusion: Genistein's multiple modes of action and encouraging preclinical and clinical evidence suggest it could reform cancer treatment across tumor types. However, more research is necessary to optimize dosing regimens, understand resistance mechanisms, and develop effective clinical interventions.
Biotechnology has paved the way for the development of cancer therapeutics that harness biological systems. Cancer immunotherapy (CI) is a pivotal and swiftly progressing therapeutic modality, alongside surgical intervention, cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. Therefore, this is the fifth cornerstone of cancer management. Biotechnological pharmaceuticals are superior modalities for combating neoplastic conditions when juxtaposed with conventional chemical therapeutics. Considering empirical evidence, it can be posited that biotechnology exhibits a heightened level of precision in targeting malignant cells associated with cancer, thereby minimizing collateral damage compared to conventional chemotherapeutic approaches. Furthermore, this approach harnesses the inherent capabilities of the immune system to impede cancer recurrence, thereby facilitating a more proactive therapeutic intervention, as opposed to a mere deleterious remedy. Novel cancer immunotherapeutic medications, along with uncomplicated methodologies that enable the quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of compounds capable of modifying T cell-mediated, tumor antigen-specific immune responses, play a pivotal role in the assessment process. This highlights the considerable promise of immunotherapies, monoclonal antibodies, and an array of biotechnological products in a relentless battle against cancer.
The use of 3D printing technology in pharmacy and healthcare is transforming drug development and patient care. This cutting-edge method allows for the creation of personalized medications, tailored drug delivery systems, and medical devices designed specifically for individual patients. 3D printing makes it possible to produce complex dosage forms, such as controlled-release formulations, multi-drug combinations, and adjustable-dose tablets, which improve therapeutic outcomes while reducing side effects. Additionally, it enables on-demand manufacturing of medicines, lessening the dependence on traditional pharmaceutical supply chains and providing a solution to drug shortages. Beyond its pharmaceutical applications, 3D printing is enhancing patient care by facilitating the production of custom implants, prosthetics, and medical devices. This technology also encourages better patient adherence by personalizing medications, addressing challenges like pill burden and taste preferences. Patents have been granted for methods utilizing 3D printing to produce customized tablets featuring controlled release profiles, multi-drug combinations, and customizable dosages specific to individual patient requirements. This review emphasizes the revolutionary impact of 3D printing in pharmacy and healthcare, focusing on personalized drug formulations, customized drug delivery systems, and tailored medical devices. It highlights advancements in controlled-release medications, multi-drug regimens, on-demand production, and enhanced patient compliance, promoting a more effective, patient-centric healthcare system.
Introduction: Urethral stricture is a condition in which narrowing of the urethra causes obstructive urinary symptoms such as weak stream, straining, and incomplete bladder emptying. Urethral stricture is more common in men, particularly those over 55 years old. The etiology of urethral stricture includes trauma, infections (postgonorrheal, tuberculosis, and recurrent urinary tract infections), and surgery. The modern management of urethral stricture is typically invasive, e.g., surgery or dilatation, which is costly and has associated complications. Ayurvedic descriptions of urinary disorders such as stricture come under Mutravaha Srotas Vyadhi (urinary system diseases). Ayurvedic therapies, such as Uttara Basti (instillation of medicated oil or decoction through the urethra), have been proposed as potential treatments for the condition. Aim: The objective of this review is to understand the effectiveness of Ayurvedic medications, Dashmool Taila (ayurvedic oil), Apamarga Kshara Taila (alkaline ayurvedic oil) and any other tailas if used or given as Uttara Basti, in the treatment of urethral stricture. Need for the Study: Since urethral stricture has become increasingly prevalent, especially among elderly males, there is a demand for cheaper, less traumatic therapies. Ayurvedic modalities like Uttara Basti are one alternative to conventional therapies. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from January 2010 to March 2026, using terms like "topic keyword" AND "intervention" OR "outcome." Two reviewers independently screened 1,250 titles/abstracts, selecting 150 full texts, with 45 studies included after resolving discrepancies.
