The limited accessibility of basic sites in bulk MgO restricts its CO2 capture and activation performance, motivating the exploration of two-dimensional (2D) MgO nanosheets. Herein, first-principles calculations were employed to investigate CO2 adsorption and activation on pristine and Al-, Sc-, and Ti-doped 2D MgO nanosheets. Pristine 2D MgO exhibits limited charge transfer to CO2, favoring the formation of a carbonate (CO32⁻) species. In contrast, substitutional doping lowers the work function and introduces dopant-induced electronic states near the Fermi level, promoting charge transfer to CO2 and population of its antibonding 2π* orbitals. Consequently, Al- and Sc-doped 2D MgO form activated carboxylate CO2⁻ species with open-shell character, while Ti-doped 2D MgO exhibits the largest charge transfer and most pronounced CO2 activation. These findings demonstrate that dopant-induced electronic structure modification can effectively tune CO2 activation on 2D MgO, highlighting the potential relevance of doped 2D MgO nanosheets for CO2 capture and conversion.
This paper proposes an adaptive Overcurrent (OC) relay protection scheme that combines load forecasting and clustering-based operating state identification to dynamically adjust relay settings. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model predicts feeder current, allowing the system to proactively select appropriate relay setting groups for different load conditions. The method is validated on the IEEE 33-bus distribution network. Results show that the forecasting model achieves an Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 2.94 %, while the relay settings derived from predicted loads closely match those obtained from actual data. The difference in operating time is negligible between forecast-based and actual coordination and a safety protection mechanism is employed to deal with the forecast or classification errors by switching to a safe backup protection group. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in maintaining reliable protection performance under changing operating conditions through SCADA, and are activated using IEC 61,850 protocols and GOOSE-based group switching mechanisms. The time-domain analysis shows a worst-case timing deviation below 41 ms, well within the 300 ms Coordination Time Interval (CTI) requirement.
Purpose To provide a nationwide description of non-refractive corneal surgical procedures and of the surgeons performing them, using data from the French National Health Data System (SNDS). Methods We conducted a nationwide observational study using the French National Health Data System (SNDS). All patients aged 20 years or older who underwent non-refractive corneal surgery in metropolitan France in 2016 were identified. We described the number and type of procedures and the national crude and age-standardized incidence, and, for surgeons performing at least ten highly specialized procedures during the year, their number, mean age and the proportion aged over 55 years, overall and by operating center. Results A total of 19,742 corneal surgical procedures were performed in patients aged 20 years and older in 2016. Among these, 5601 corresponded to highly specialized procedures, including corneal transplantation and other advanced corneal surgeries. Most highly specialized procedures were performed in public hospitals, while a smaller share was carried out by private practitioners with regular surgical activity. Overall, 132 surgeons were identified as performing at least 10 highly specialized procedures during the year. Among them, 13.6% were aged 55 years or older. Conclusion This nationwide study provides a detailed description of non-refractive corneal surgical activity in France and of the workforce performing it, showing that highly specialized activity is concentrated in a limited number of high-volume centers. Monitoring these indicators from routine national data could help inform the future organization and training of the corneal surgical workforce.
In this study, a microstrip 180° coupler is proposed, which has several advantages in terms of a new layout configuration, compact size, low cost, filtering frequency response, suppressed harmonics, and high mechanical strength. The coupler consists of four loops, two of them are coupled to the left and right sides of the common port. It is designed and fabricated on an FR-4 substrate, offering superior mechanical rigidity and structural stability. The equivalent LC circuit of the proposed coupler is mathematically analyzed to determine resonator behavior, stub shapes, and tuning at the operating frequency. The simulation results and mathematical analysis agree well. The proposed coupler has a size of 0.038 λg2, and its operating frequency is Fo = 1.317 GHz. Compared with previously reported filtering couplers, it achieves higher selectivity. Despite the relatively lossy FR-4 substrate, its losses are comparable to those of couplers designed on substrates with lower loss tangents. Within the passband, the isolation factor changes from −20 dB to −25 dB, while the return loss at the operating frequency is 24.3 dB. The measured results agree closely with the simulations.
This paper develops an outage-analysis and deployment framework for a power-splitting simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-enabled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay serving multiple fluid-antenna users through half-duplex variable-gain amplify-and-forward nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) relaying. The instantaneous relay gain is derived from the harvested-energy constraint. Under the exact relay gain, each layer-decoding condition is transformed into a selected-gain-dependent threshold on the base-station–UAV channel, yielding an exact one-dimensional outage integral for an arbitrary distribution of the selected fluid-antenna gain. A relay-input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximation then produces tractable correlated-port outage representations and an independent-port closed-form expression. Spatial dependence is modeled using a Gaussian copula calibrated to the power-gain correlation induced by a physical complex-channel model. The asymptotic analysis establishes diversity order one under a finite inverse-moment condition and separately characterizes the logarithmically modified single-port behavior. For deployment, a globally optimal bounded weighted-centroid benchmark is derived for a convex geometric surrogate, and a data-driven initializer validated using the exact outage objective is developed. The baseline derivations assume Rayleigh fading, linear energy harvesting, perfect channel state information, ideal successive interference cancellation, and a predetermined decoding order. Their robustness is numerically assessed under Rician fading, a sensitivity-and-saturation nonlinear energy-harvesting model, aged port-selection channel state information, residual successive interference cancellation, and instantaneous order adaptation. The proposed placement initializer is also compared with random-forest and multilayer-perceptron alternatives.
