This research introduces and optimizes a novel multi-generation power system integrating a steam Rankine cycle (SRC), a gas turbine (GT), an absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC), a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, and a CO2 separation unit. This system is designed to improve energy efficiency while simultaneously capturing CO2 and producing hydrogen through electrolysis. Two configurations-with and without ARC-are evaluated using a genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimization framework, which considers exergetic efficiency, CO2 emission reduction, and total cost rate. The findings demonstrate that the proposed system improves exergetic efficiency by up to 71% and reduces CO2 emissions by up to 3.9% compared to a standalone GT system. Furthermore, the system without ARC achieves higher hydrogen production, while the system with ARC provides valuable cooling. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and environmental advantages of integrated power, CO2 capture, and H 2 blending systems for sustainable energy generation.
Background The development of sustainable photocatalytic systems for simultaneous hydrogen production and wastewater remediation is crucial for addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Red mud analogue, an abundant industrial waste from alumina processing, poses serious ecological risks, yet its high-value reutilization remains limited. Method A multifunctional TiO₂–RMAFe–g-C₃N₄ heterostructured composite was rationally synthesized and further immobilized into a polymeric membrane matrix. Comprehensive structural, morphological, and optical characterizations were conducted, and the photocatalytic performance was evaluated through visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution and membrane-assisted degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). Significant findings The optimized TiO₂–RMAFe–g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst exhibits a high hydrogen evolution rate of 1623 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, significantly surpassing that of the individual components. The corresponding photocatalytic membrane achieves near-complete degradation efficiencies of 99.7% for MB and 99.6% for RhB, together with excellent reusability and operational stability. The superior performance is attributed to enhanced visible-light absorption, accelerated charge separation, and efficient interfacial charge transfer induced by the synergistic heterojunction architecture. This study provides a viable waste-to-wealth strategy for red mud valorization and offers a promising platform for integrated clean hydrogen generation and wastewater treatment.
Sentiment analysis is important for understanding affective states in human conversations and has potential applications in intelligent healthcare, such as remote emotion monitoring and patient support. While early methods rely on uni-modal textual features, they often fail to capture the full spectrum of emotional cues present in speech and facial expressions. Multi-modal approaches attempt to address this limitation but still suffer from insufficient data and sub-optimal fusion strategies. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel framework called LLM-LRA for multi-modal sentiment analysis. It integrates large language model (LLM)-guided weak supervision with main-modality-guided low-rank attention. Specifically, modality-specific encoders (LLM-RoBERTa, Wav2Vec2.0, and contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP)) are used to extract rich representations. This work then develops a main-modality-driven low-rank attention to efficiently fuse audio and visual features under the guidance of LLM-enhanced textual representations. A stacked Transformer with residual connections is further employed to capture dialogue-level temporal dependencies. Finally, we employ ReLU activation and a softmax layer to output emotion labels. Experiments on IEMOCAP and MELD demonstrate the effectiveness of LLM-LRA on public benchmarks, which indicate its potential for healthcare related emotion monitoring.
The dry reforming of methane (DRM) offers a promising route for the simultaneous valorisation of CH4 and CO2 into syngas. However, practical implementation of Ni-based catalysts remains limited by carbon deposition and the restricted availability of catalytically active metallic Ni species. In this study, the effect of controlled strontium (Sr) promotion (1-3 wt.%) on a catalyst containing a fixed Ni loading of 5 wt.% supported on a MgOZrO2 mixed-oxide (MSZ) was systematically investigated to elucidate the role of Sr in modifying surface basicity and coke formation behaviour. Structural analysis revealed that Sr incorporation did not alter the bulk crystalline phases or porosity of the MSZ support. However, Sr significantly influenced the surface chemical properties of the catalyst, enhancing basicity and altering Ni reducibility at moderate loadings. The catalytic evaluation under DRM conditions at 700 degrees C (CH4/CO2/N2 = 3:3:1 and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 42,000 mL g-1h-1) revealed that the catalyst with 1 wt.% Sr loading (5Ni-1Sr/MSZ) exhibited the most favourable performance, achieving 55.7% H2 yield, 68.3% CO yield and an H2/CO ratio of 0.83. Moreover, Sr promotion significantly improved resistance to carbon deposition compared to the unpromoted catalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) applied to the optimal 5Ni-1Sr/MSZ catalyst identified a broad operating window with enhanced H2 yield, demonstrating the robustness of the optimized catalyst beyond single-point reaction conditions. These results highlight the beneficial role of Sr promotion in improving catalyst stability for DRM applications.
A series of Mn(I)-based photoinduced carbon monoxide releasing molecules (1–4) with the general formula of fac-[MnX(CO)3(NN)]0/+ (X = Br and diphenyl(2-pyridyl)phosphine; N-N = 2,2’-Bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline) was synthesized and evaluated for their potential CO-releasing properties and anticancer potential against four malignant and normal cell lines. Cytotoxicity screening showed selective activity toward human acute monocytic leukaemia cells (THP-1) cells, with higher activity observed under the dark conditions indicating that the complexes rather than CO release are primarily responsible for the observed in vitro anticancer activity. Lipophilicity has been shown to alter biological activity, with higher membrane permeability increasing cytotoxic effects. Among the tested complexes, the bromide complexes exhibited stronger cytotoxicity, while the corresponding phosphine compounds showed improved selectivity and reduced toxicity toward normal cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that these compounds target mitochondria, inducing dose-dependent modulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production. Additionally, the bromide complexes induced a significant G2/M cell-cycle arrest.
