Mobile technologies have become an integral part of contemporary higher education, changing how students access information, communicate, and participate in learning activities. However, effective mobile learning depends not only on technological availability but also on the quality of the learning experience created through technology. Visual communication, interface design, usability, and information organization therefore influence how students interact with mobile educational environments. This article examines the relationship between visual communication, educational technology, and student engagement in mobile learning within higher education. Drawing on research in mobile learning, multimedia learning, user experience, and educational design, it argues that mobile learning should be understood as a designed experience rather than simply the delivery of educational content through a smaller screen. Particular attention is given to visual hierarchy, cognitive simplicity, navigation, multimedia, interaction, and engagement. Based on the literature, a five-dimensional conceptual framework is proposed: visual clarity, cognitive simplicity, navigational usability, meaningful interaction, and learner engagement. The framework connects principles of visual communication with the educational requirements of mobile learning and provides a practical basis for evaluating and designing mobile educational environments. The article concludes that successful mobile learning requires closer integration of pedagogical, technological, and visual design decisions within higher education.
Our study developed and tested a serial and moderated mediation model of green human resource management (GHRM) using data collected from hotel (Study 1) and restaurant (Study 2) employees. The results from the PROCESS macro suggest that GHRM fosters green voice behavior. As predicted, green job embeddedness (GJE) is a mediator between GHRM and green voice behavior. This is also true for green work engagement (GWENG). GJE and GWENG sequentially mediate the effect of GHRM on green voice behavior. Green self-efficacy strengthens the positive impact of GHRM on both GJE and GWENG in Study 2. However, the empirical data does not corroborate said sequential mediation effect in Study 1. Green self-efficacy strengthens the positive influence of GHRM on green voice behavior via GJE or GWENG in Study 2. Unexpectedly, such moderated mediation effects are not verified in Study 1. The abovementioned paths are novel and augment hospitality research on GHRM.
Our study developed and tested a triple serial mediation model of green ethical leadership (GEL). The study relationships were gauged via time-lagged data collected from hotel frontline employees (FLEs) in T & uuml;rkiye (Study 1) and Ireland (Study 2) using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The following findings are valid for two studies. GEL fosters green creativity, while anticipated pride mediates the linkage between GEL and said outcome. Anticipated pride and green work engagement (GWEN) serially mediate the connection between GEL and green creativity. This is also true for job embeddedness (JEM) and GWEN as the serial mediators relating GEL to green creativity. More importantly, anticipated pride, JEM, and GWEN serially mediate the influence of GEL on FLEs' green creativity. Our paper fills in research lacunas by reporting the outcomes and multiple/triple mediators of GEL simultaneously that have not been gauged in the pertinent literature so far.
Our paper develops and tests a novel moderated serial mediation model of environmental transformational leadership (ETL). The applicability of the model was gauged with cross-national data collected from hotel employees in Iran and Northern Cyprus. The results from partial least squares structural equation modeling revealed that felt obligation mediated the impact of ETL on intention to engage in environmental practices (IEEP), while felt obligation and environmental commitment serially mediated the link between ETL and IEEP. Said results were similar across the two samples. The results further demonstrated that ETL fostered IEEP, environmental commitment mediated the effect of ETL on IEEP, environmental responsibility strengthened the relationship between ETL and felt obligation, and environmental responsibility moderated the effect of ETL on IEEP via felt obligation and environmental commitment. However, the aforementioned results denoted significant differences across the two samples. Implications of these results and their limitations and future research were discussed.
We develop a finite-distance framework for vacuum birefringence in static, spherically symmetric spacetimes threaded by strong magnetic fields. In the geometric optics limit of nonlinear electrodynamics, the two photon polarizations propagate along null geodesics of distinct effective (optical) metrics. Using a controlled weak-coupling expansion, we isolate the polarization dependent correction to the standard gravitational deflection and obtain a general expression for the differential bending angle Delta(alpha) equivalent to alpha(+) - alpha(-) with the source and observer at arbitrary radii. The derivation is based on a finite-distance Gauss-Bonnet construction on the polarization dependent optical manifolds, thereby extending the usual scattering at infinity treatment. As an examples, we apply the formalism to Euler-Heisenberg QED and to Born-Infeld electrodynamics, the latter providing a non-birefringent consistency check with Delta alpha(BI) = 0. We show that finite-distance truncation of the curvature flux generically suppresses the observable birefringence and provide explicit series corrections suitable for data analysis. For magnetar motivated field falloff and near surface emission, the suppression can reach the level of tens of percent and may approach similar to 1/2 for near-limb, outward only trajectories. These results supply an essential finite-distance calibration for interpreting X-ray polarimetry measurements and for placing unbiased constraints on strong-field QED and broader NLED parameters.
