The Emory University School of Medicine is the graduate medical school of Emory University and a component of Emory’s Robert W. Woodruff Health Sciences Center. Before it was established as the Emory School of Medicine in 1915, the school first began as the Atlanta Medical College. Founded in 1854 by a group of physicians led by Dr. John G. Westmoreland, the college began during unfavorable financial conditions along with competition of three other medical schools opening in the state, driving up competition for students. Despite these challenges, the Atlanta Medical College continued operation until August of 1861 when classes were suspended due to the Civil War. Several years later, the College merged with the Southern Medical College, leading to the creation of the Atlanta College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1898. The College existed for 14 years before another merger took place, this time due to encouragement from the Council of Medical Education. The Council promised that if the Atlanta College of Physicians and Surgeons merged with the Atlanta School of Medicine, they would receive a Class A rating. After the merger, the American Medical Association began pressuring medical schools to align with universities in order to improve the quality of medical education nationwide. Just two years after the formation of the second version of the Atlanta Medical College, the College combined with Emory University, which was in its initial stages of development and sought to add medical education to its offerings. On June 28, 1915 the Emory School of Medicine was established.Emory University School of Medicine is located on the university's main campus in the Druid Hills neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. The medical school offers a full-time Doctor of Medicine degree program, Masters programs in Anesthesiology and Genetic Counseling, degrees in Physical Therapy and Physician Assistant training, joint degree programs with other Emory graduate divisions, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education. Emory University School of Medicine traces its origins back to 1915 when the Atlanta Medical College (founded 1854), the Southern Medical College (1878), and the Atlanta School of Medicine (founded 1905) merged. With an acceptance rate of 7% in the Doctor of Medicine Program (2018), Emory University School of Medicine is consistently ranked among the top institutions for biomedical education, clinical care, and research in the United States.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes lifelong infection and promotes an immunosenescent T cell profile characterized by depletion of na & iuml;ve cells and expansion of terminally differentiated effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA). We examined whether CMV-related T cell differentiation was associated with brain structure and depressive symptoms in two complementary cohorts. In a neuroimaging cohort of 129 adults, higher CD4(+) TEMRA percentages were associated with lower parahippocampal volume (beta = -0.27, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.11], p(FDR) = 0.022). However, no T cell measure significantly mediated the association between CMV serostatus and parahippocampal volume after FDR correction. In a population-based sample of 5,759 older adults from the Health and Retirement Study, higher CD4(+) TEMRA:na & iuml;ve ratios, reflecting relative expansion of TEMRA cells and depletion of na & iuml;ve CD4(+) T cells, were associated with greater depressive symptom severity across three assessments from 2016 to 2020 (beta = 0.097, 95% CI [0.074, 0.119], p(FDR) < 0.001). Structural equation models indicated significant indirect associations between CMV seropositivity and depressive symptoms through the CD4(+) TEMRA:na & iuml;ve ratio and CD4(+) na & iuml;ve cells. These findings link CMV-related T cell differentiation to reduced parahippocampal volume and increased depressive symptoms. Larger longitudinal studies integrating immunophenotyping, neuroimaging, and clinical outcomes in the same participants are needed to test this proposed pathway.
This review describes the complex relationships between depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder with atherosclerosis by discussing epidemiological evidence, implicated mechanisms, and the impact of psychiatric interventions on cardiovascular outcomes. Depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder convey independent risk for atherosclerosis. Further, the presence of cardiovascular disease often contributes to worsened psychiatric symptoms. Current evidence supports a rising prevalence of psychiatric disorders in association with atherosclerosis and demographic disparities, with stronger links in women and African Americans. Shared biological mechanisms include autonomic dysfunction, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis overactivity, inflammation, and vascular effects. Pharmacological treatments and behavioral therapies, such as psychotherapy, have the potential to reduce cardiovascular events and improve physiological markers. The expanding understanding of the bidirectional link between depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder and atherosclerosis calls for integrated care. Early screening and management of these psychiatric disorders may help to slow cardiovascular disease progression.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being utilized for life-threatening cardiac and/or respiratory failure refractory to conventional treatment. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid balance disorders commonly occur both before and during ECMO, with approximately half of cases receiving treatment with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Acute kidney injury, fluid balance disorders, and CRRT influence both short- and long-term outcomes in this population. The 36th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) meeting was held in June 2025 to develop multidisciplinary international expert recommendations for AKI, fluid balance, and CRRT during ECMO across the age spectrum. This work encompassed five working groups: 1) epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI and CRRT, 2) fluid management and outcomes, 3) indications for CRRT and fluid removal during ECMO, 4) best practices for performing CRRT during ECMO, and 5) biomarkers, extracorporeal blood purification, and drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. As part of this work, knowledge gaps and research priorities were identified.
This review summarizes considerations within the existing recent literature that guide the practice of interval appendectomy (IA) after initial non-operative management (NOM) of complicated appendicitis (CA) in children. A systematic review of English language articles published from 2000 to 2025 was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to address four elements which could impact the decision for IA after NOM of CA: (1) the incidence of recurrent appendicitis; (2) the time period in which recurrence occurs; (3) the patient or disease-related risk factors which increase recurrence; and (4) the incidence of appendiceal neoplasms identified by IA. Of the 3,022 articles initially reviewed, 46 met inclusion criteria. Recurrence was reported in 2–50
Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline inactivation of the folliculin gene (FLCN). Approximately 25
