The purpose of this study is to analyze the genetic and residual variability of the grain yield trait in Coffea canephora using the Bayesian multi-trait model. Thirty-six varieties of conilon coffee were used. The design was randomized blocks, with three replications, nine plants per plot. Data was analyzed using multi-trait Bayesian models with an arbitrary number of random effects, employing a Gibbs sampler. The covariance matrix of the random effects is assigned as a prior Inverse Wishart distribution. A total of 1,800,000 samples were generated, with a burn-in of 5,000 and a thin of 5 interactions, resulting in 1,795,000 samples. The broad-sense heritability, residual and genetic variations were calculated from the posterior distribution. The variance-covariance matrix for the genetic factor shows significant variability among the traits. The 95% credibility intervals for the variances and covariances are narrow, indicating accurate estimates. The data is adequate to provide reliable estimates, indicating significant genetic effects on most traits. The residual variance-covariance matrix reveals heteroscedasticity among the traits. According to the results, accurate estimates of broad-sense heritability obtained by the Bayesian methods can guide breeding programs, in addition to identifying traits with high genetic variability and potential for response to selection. The Bayesian approach provided robust and detailed estimates, aligning with previous studies and offering valuable insights for breeding programs.
O feijão é uma planta originária das Américas, pertencente à família Fabaceae, sendo utilizada como fonte de alimento pela população brasileira. A realização da colheita no momento adequado é fundamental para garantir sementes de maior qualidade fisiológica e, portanto, maior produtividade. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar os efeitos das épocas de colheita sobre a produtividade, a qualidade fisiológica e o potencial de armazenamento das sementes de três cultivares de feijão. Para isso, foram conduzidos campos de produção de sementes das cultivares BRSMG Madrepérola, BRS Esteio e BRSMG Marte. Os tratamentos foram compostos por seis épocas de colheita (70, 77, 84, 91, 98 e 105 dias após a emergência – DAE) e cinco períodos de armazenamento (zero, três, seis, nove e 12 meses). As plantas foram colhidas e debulhadas manualmente. Após o beneficiamento, determinou-se a produtividade de cada parcela e avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica das sementes por meio dos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado e condutividade elétrica. A qualidade das sementes também foi avaliada após 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses de armazenamento. As produtividades máximas (1.930; 2.325 e 2.515 kg ha-1) foram estimadas por regressão em 88, 88 e 86 DAE, para as cultivares BRSMG Marte, Esteio e Madrepérola, respectivamente. Não houve efeito imediato ou latente das épocas de colheita sobre a germinação e o vigor das sementes. Recomenda-se a colheita na faixa de 84 a 91 DAE visando maiores produtividades.
Dietary restriction of high-protein foods is the primary treatment strategy for phenylketonuria, a disease considered an inborn error of metabolism associated with phenylalanine. The diet of these patients is monotonous, consisting mainly of certain types of fruits and vegetables, and is often supplemented with the use of phenylalanine-free formulas. Considering that Brazil is one of the countries with the most incredible biodiversity in the world, Non-Conventional Food Plants (NCPPs) become food options that can be regularly introduced into the diet of phenylketonuric patients. In the present study, a method for quantifying phenylalanine in NCPPs was validated using high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. The phenylalanine content was determined in 15 NCPPs samples from the Brazilian Cerrado. The validated method demonstrated selectivity for the amino acid phenylalanine, with linearity in the range of 1-10 nmol/mL, indicating no matrix effect, and provided proven recovery, repeatability, and precision. The detection and quantification limits were 0.0011 mg/100 g and 0.0035 mg/100 g, respectively. The phenylalanine content ranged from 20.28 to 235.58 mg/100 g. It was observed that leafy vegetables had a higher phenylalanine content than the taro stem (20.28 mg/100 g), the chayote fruit (32.67 mg/100 g), the sepal of the sorrel plant (38.21 mg/100 g), and the nasturtium flower (116.24 mg/100 g). These data suggest that these vegetables can be incorporated into the diet of phenylketonuric patients, thereby contributing to dietary diversity and making it less monotonous and more palatable.
The Copaifera species are traditionally used for their anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and healing properties. The objective of this study was to compare the chromatographic profiles of seven samples of copaiba oil-resin with respect to chromatographic and physicochemical properties and to evaluate their biological activities. In addition, an HPLC method for quantifying beta-caryophyllene in the samples was developed and validated. The analysis revealed that most samples exhibited similar chromatographic profiles in TLC and HPLC-DAD, while GC-MS identified beta-caryophyllene in all the samples. The analytical method presented adequate linearity (R-2 = 0.9996), with no significant matrix effect. The beta-caryophyllene content varied from 3.36% to 37.12% across samples. A substantial majority of samples exhibited antimicrobial activity, with similar cytotoxicity observed in RAW 264.7 cells. In silico predictions indicated a potential for toxicity in the oil-resin. The results highlight the importance of physicochemical and chromatographic analyses for quality control of copaiba oil-resin.
Bovines are suitable hosts and can be affected by fly infestations. Flies pose a significant threat to cattle livestock in Latin America (LA), causing substantial economic repercussions to animal production (reduced productivity, veterinary expenses, and decreased animal welfare) and damage to human health. The most important flies affecting cattle in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Uruguay are Haematobia irritans, Dermatobia hominis, and Cochliomyia hominivorax. Due to production losses and the consequent economic costs associated with these flies, control measures must be implemented, primarily relying on insecticidal products. However, decision-making for preventing and treating animals with insecticides varies due to differences in environmental conditions across countries and regions, production systems, animal populations, infestation levels, animal welfare, and the prevalence of myiasis, among other factors. Although insecticides remain the most effective option for fly control in cattle, resistant populations have developed, rendering them less effective. To overcome fly resistance to insecticides, non-chemical (mechanical, environmental, biological, and genetic) methods are being integrated into alternative control and eradication strategies. The use of integrated livestock fly control contributes to safeguarding animal, public, and environmental health. This review is designed to support individuals and institutions, both civil and governmental, addressing the ongoing challenge posed by flies affecting livestock.
