Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) represent a significant public health concern, affecting nearly one in five children worldwide. Beyond clinical sequelae, TDI can profoundly influence functional ability, emotional well-being, and social interactions. However, evidence from hospital-based settings, particularly across diverse regions, remains limited. This study aimed to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and adolescents presenting with TDI to a tertiary care hospital and to identify demographic, clinical, and trauma-related factors associated with severe impairment. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 266 children aged 8–16 years who had experienced TDI within the preceding 12 months. Dental injuries were diagnosed according to the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT, 2020) guidelines. OHRQoL was evaluated using the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (C-OIDP) questionnaire. Associations between OHRQoL and demographic, clinical, and trauma-related variables were examined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Maxillary central incisors were most frequently affected, with uncomplicated crown fractures being the most common injury type (64.6
Background: Adhesive capsulitis, or frozen shoulder, presents significant functional impairment due to pain and stiffness. Ultrasound-guided hydrodistension has been recognized for its potential in treating this condition, but the optimal approach remains unclear. Methods: This prospective observational study at the Central Institute of Orthopaedics involved 40 patients with primary adhesive capsulitis, randomized into two groups to receive hydrodistension via either the anterior or posterior approach. Outcomes measured included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and the degree of passive external rotation, assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks post-intervention. Results: Both groups started with comparable pain levels and mobility restrictions; however, the anterior approach group showed more significant improvements. At 12 weeks, the anterior group's pain scores and external rotation were superior to those of the posterior group. Conclusion: The anterior approach to ultrasound-guided hydrodistension is more effective in managing pain and improving mobility in patients with adhesive capsulitis compared to the posterior approach.
Background:Depressive and anxiety disorders, together contribute to over 50% of the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). While outcomes for severe mental illnesses have been extensively studied, outcome-based research on CMDs remains limited. Aim:To evaluate the needs, barriers, caregiver involvement, recovery and service satisfaction of patients with CMDs as a measure of service outcome. Methods:This prospective cohort study included 274 patients with CMDs diagnosed per ICD-10 criteria. Participants were assessed at baseline and six months using researcher-rated and service user-rated outcome measures. Instruments included the Camberwell Assessment of Needs-Research (CAN-R), Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ), Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE v3), Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ), and Importance of Services in Recovery (INSPIRE). Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) and negative binomial regression were employed to analyze outcomes over time. Results:At baseline, 90.9% of participants had needs, with unmet needs comprising 80.7%. Major unmet needs were psychological distress (73.4%), looking after the home (57.7%), and daytime activities (50.7%). Depression had the highest impact on unmet needs, contributing to a 32% increase per unit rise in depression severity (IRR = 1.318, P < 0.001). Stigma accounted for only about one-fifth of the total perceived barriers to accessing care, with worrying and urging behaviors among the caregivers. At the end of six months, the unmet needs significantly improved, but caregivers were still concerned about the well-being of the participants, associated with improvements in service satisfaction. Conclusions:CMD patients had significant unmet needs, especially for psychological distress, household, and daily activities. Depression was the largest contributor to unmet needs, while panic and somatic disorders were lower. Caregiver burden evolved, and non-stigma-related barriers to care were significant.
Background: Joint replacement surgery is a common procedure used to treat debilitating degenerative joint diseases, particularly severe osteoarthritis of the knee and hip joints. Although these procedures help enhance mobility, ease pain, and improve quality of life, potential postoperative complications and revision surgeries should also be considered clinical concerns. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2026 to March 2026 at E.S.I.C. Hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh In the present study, a total of 45 patients who had undergone Total Knee Replacement (TKR) or Total Hip Replacement (THR) surgeries were included. Hospital records, operative notes and follow-up records were utilized for data collection. Functional outcome measures included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Knee Society Score (KSS). The postoperative complications and revision surgery rates were also assessed. The data was analyzed statistically using MS Excel and SPSS Software. Results: A total of 45 patients were studied, 25 (55.6%) were females, and 20 (44.4%) were males. Most of the patients were in the age group of 61-70 years (40.0%). The 28 patients (62.2%) received TKR, and 17 patients (37.8%) received THR. All patients had a significant improvement in their postoperative function. Preoperatively, the mean WOMAC score was 68.4 ± 9.2, while it was 28.6 ± 6.4 postoperatively. Similarly, the HHS improved from 42.7 ± 8.1 to 84.5 ± 7.3, while the KSS improved from 46.2 ± 7.8 to 86.1 ± 6.9 following surgery. There were 5 patients (11.1%) with joint stiffness, 4 (8.9%) with infection, 2 (4.4%) with deep vein thrombosis and 2 (4.4%) with implant loosening. Revision surgery was needed in 3 (6.7%) patients. Conclusion: Joint replacement surgery demonstrated good clinical outcomes, resulting in improved functional mobility and pain relief for patients. Surgical outcomes were satisfactory, although a small proportion of patients experienced surgical complications and required revision surgeries. It is recommended that further multicenter prospective studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods be conducted to assess long-term outcomes.
Background: Conventional excisional surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease repays cure with weeks of open wound care. This study evaluated post-operative outcomes of 1470-nm radial diode laser ablation and the factors governing healing. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients underwent curettage and 1470-nm radial diode laser ablation at 10 W in a prospective observational study in Kanpur, India, between October 2024 and February 2026. Age, sex, body mass index, family history, morphological stage, occupational sitting duration, gluteal hair density and hair shaft thickness were tested against healing time, delayed healing beyond 30 days and six-month recurrence, univariably and by multivariable linear regression. Results: Mean age was 25.0±5.3 years and 42 patients (84.0%) were men. Mean operating time was 26.1±8.7 minutes, hospital stay 1.3±0.5 days and day-7 pain 1.2±0.8. Mean healing time was 28.5±10.2 days; 46 patients (92.0%) had no complication and three (6.0%) recurred. Healing time rose with stage (20.1 to 43.5 days; F=22.19, p<0.001), sitting duration (F=5.37, p=0.008), body mass index (r=0.344, p=0.014) and hair density (F=3.61, p=0.035). Delayed healing was associated with advanced stage (76.5% versus 3.0%), overweight (77.8% versus 17.1%), sitting beyond six hours daily (54.5% versus 7.1%) and dense gluteal hair (53.3% versus 17.1%; all p≤0.016). Hair shaft thickness predicted nothing. On multivariable regression only stage remained independent (B=5.60 days per stage, p<0.001; R²=0.737). No factor predicted recurrence. Conclusions: Laser ablation achieved day-care surgery with minimal pain and 6.0% recurrence. Morphological stage governed healing; body mass index, sedentary work and hair density acted through it.
