Eurasian Bank JSC is the ninth largest lender in Kazakhstan, headquartered in Almaty. It was founded in 1994 as a closed joint-stock company, and reregistered in 2003 as a joint stock company due to joint stock company law changes.
The chapter examines major trends in EAEU mutual investments, a major indicator and driver of a regional economic integration's success or failure. It does so by using an original methodology and database. It outlines three major periods: rapid growth of mutual investments until 2012; then a period of decline (2012–15) caused by the slowing economies, a regional economic crisis, and the severing of Russia–Ukraine relations; and then a slow growth from 2016 onward wherein the EAEU factor played a positive role. The authors provide a detailed mid-term outlook of the geopolitical crisis as well as the ways in which the region addresses global trends and challenges.
The chapter provides a detailed analysis of the EAEU's institutional structure, its evolution and perspectives. It focuses, first, on the key points of the Union's Treaty as the legal framework and the "roadmap" of the Eurasian economic integration until 2025. Second, on the EAEU's supranational governing bodies, represented by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council, Eurasian Intergovernmental Council, Eurasian Economic Commission, and the EAEU Court. It examines the structures, governance, and material results of these institutions' activities. The chapter also contains a detailed outlook of their potential further evolution.
The institutions and instruments of the Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN) represent the part of the global financial architecture that is responsible for providing an anti-crisis and stabilization support to the countries in need. We argue that the standard understanding of the GFSN as a system consisting of four layers - national reserves, bilateral swaps, regional financing arrangements and the IMF - demands rethinking. We suggest the concept of an enlarged GFSN, namely its expansion by two additional elements - multilateral development banks and bilateral financial support. Both elements of the international financial architecture are partly involved in providing an anti-crisis and macroeconomic stabilization support at concessional terms. We demonstrate how the enlarged GFSN functions, including at the time of the COVID-19 crisis.
The paper handles two Eurasian international financial institutions, the Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) and the Eurasian Fund for Stabilisation and Development (EFSD), focusing on interaction with their international counterparts, including international financial organisations and multilateral development banks. We attempt to explain the reasons behind the choice of partners, modalities of interactions, underlying incentives and constraints, and varying dynamics of these two entities. It covers the following questions: What are the reasons behind the varying dynamics of international interactions for both institutions? What conditions the choice of institutions to cooperate with? Which constraints do the Eurasian institutions face? What is the relation between competition and complementarity in these interactions? The paper eliminates gaps in understanding the modalities and dynamics of the EDB and EFSD's interaction with their counterparts among international financial institutions and provides a set of explanations.
